不同邻作作物对玉米田节肢动物多样性的影响

Effects of different neighboring cropping on arthropod diversity in maize field

为探明不同邻作对云南普洱地区玉米田节肢动物多样性的影响。采用目测法和粘虫板等多种诱集法对邻作咖啡、水稻、李树及单作的玉米田节肢动物群落进行系统调查,分析不同邻作作物对玉米田节肢动物群落的影响。结果表明:不同邻作玉米田天敌亚群落主要为双翅目和膜翅目,其中玉米单作田赤池信息量准则(AIC)值最低为-16.858,最优模型为Y=-10.312-1.639D+2.629PC2(Y为物种多样性,D为调查总个体数,PC2代表以天敌亚群落个体数为主的主成分2),节肢动物总个体数和天敌亚群落个体数与节肢动物群落多样性相关,邻作能够增加玉米田节肢动物群落多样性,其中邻作咖啡玉米田节肢动物多样性指数最高为4.082。影响玉米田节肢动物群落的主要主成份因子有天敌亚群落和中性亚群落。天敌亚群落个体数对玉米田节肢动物多样性影响最大,邻作能不同程度增加玉米田节肢动物群落多样性,邻作咖啡最佳。研究结果可为利用邻作种植模式调节玉米田节肢动物多样性提供依据。

In order to know the arthropod diversity in different adjacent cropping maize fields in Pu er City of Yunnan Province.The arthropods communities were systematically investigated in the adjacent planting of coffee,rice,plum in maize fields and maize monoculture as control by visual method and sticky trapping method,and the effects of different adjacent cropping on arthropod communities in maize fields were analyzed.The results showed that the main natural enemy arthropods in maize fields were Diptera and Hymenoptera,and the lowest Akaike Information Criterion(AIC)in maize monoculture field was-16.858.The optimum model was Y=-10.312-1.639D+2.629PC2(Y was species diversity,D was the total number of investigated individuals,and PC2 was the principal component 2 with the number of natural enemy sub-communities as the principal component).The total number of arthropod individuals and the number of natural enemy sub communities were related to the diversity of arthropod communities,and the diversity of arthropod community in maize field could be increased by adjacent cropping,the main factors affecting arthropod community in maize field were natural enemy sub community and neutral sub community.Among them,the highest arthropod diversity index was 4.082 in the maize and coffee adjacent cropping.The main factors affecting arthropod community in corn field were natural enemy sub community and neutral sub community.The individual numbers of natural enemy sub community has the largest effect on the diversity of arthropods community in maize field,the community diversity of arthropod in maize field could be increased by adjacent cropping and coffee as the adjacent cultivation has the highest diversity among all of the tested cropping.The results of this study can provide the basis for the regulation of arthropod diversity in maize field by using adjacent cropping pattern.