微卫星标记法分析9个鸭群体的遗传多样性

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of 9 Duck Populations via Microsatellite Markers

为了对巢湖麻鸭、枞阳媒鸭、大余麻鸭、荆江麻鸭、靖西大麻鸭、广西小麻鸭、高邮鸭、吉安红毛鸭和苏牧鸭等9个肉用型(兼用型)的鸭群体遗传多样性进行系统评价,试验选择12个成熟的微卫星位点对9个肉用型(兼用型)鸭群体的遗传多样性进行测定和聚类分析。结果共检测到142个等位基因位于12个成熟的微卫星位点上,多态信息含量(PIC)介于0.2755~0.8326之间,其中有8个座位为高度多态位点,剩余4个座位为中度多态位点;9个鸭群体在微卫星座位上的平均杂合度在0.4086~0.5590之间,大余麻鸭的PIC最高达到了0.6091,吉安红毛鸭的PIC最低达到了0.4994;荆江麻鸭和巢湖麻鸭的遗传距离(DA)最近,为0.095;苏牧鸭和其它鸭群体的遗传距离都较远,并且苏牧鸭和高邮鸭的遗传距离最远,达到0.319;聚类分析将9个鸭群体分为三大类,其中巢湖麻鸭、荆江麻鸭、枞阳媒鸭、靖西大麻鸭以及大余麻鸭先后聚为一类;高邮鸭首先和吉安红毛鸭聚为一类,接着与广西小麻鸭聚为一类;而苏牧鸭被单独分为一类。结果表明9个鸭群体中遗传多样性较为丰富,遗传变异程度以中等水平为主,为今后我国肉用型地方鸭品种资源的合理开发和科学杂交利用提供更加准确的数据。

In order to systematically evaluate the genetic diversity of 9 meat-type duck populations in China,which were Chaohu duck,Zongyang Mei duck,Dayu duck,Jingjiang duck,Jingxi duck,Guangxi duck,Gaoyou duck,Ji′an red-feather duck and Sumu duck,a total of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci(STR typing technique)were used for the genetic diversity detection and clustering analysis.The results showed that 142 alleles were located at the12 microsatellite loci with the polymorphic information content(PIC)ranging from 0.2755 to 0.8326,in which,8 loci were highly polymorphic,and the remaining 4 were moderate polymorphic.The mean heterozygosity of the microsatellite loci among the 9 duck populations was ranged from 0.4086 to 0.5590.Dayu duck had the highest PIC which was0.6091,while Ji′an red-feather duck had the lowest PIC which was 0.4994.What′s more,Jingjiang duck and Gaoyou duck had the closest genetic distance(DA)which was 0.095.However,the DAbetween Sumu duck and other ducks was far,especially the furthest(0.319)between Sumu duck and Gaoyou duck.The clustering analysis showed that Chaohu duck,Jingjiang duck,Zongyang Mei duck and Jingxi duck could be clustered into one group;Gaoyou duck and Ji′an red-feather duck were grouped at first,then Guangxi duck joined in them as another group;whereas,Sumu duck was grouped separately.Conclusively,the 9 duck populations selected in this study had relatively abundant genetic diversity and intermediate level of genetic variation.Our study provides a scientific basis for rational development and hybridization utilization of meat-type ducks in China in the future.