论传染病密切接触者隔离规则的适用与完善——以新冠肺炎疫情防控为例

The application and improvement of isolation rules for close contacts of infectious diseases:COVID-2019 as an example

在新冠肺炎疫情防控中,隔离措施被证实为控制疫情传播最为有效的方式之一,其制度实践过程基本能够做到依法行政,但也存在着实施与责任主体不同一、密切接触者范围与确定标准界定不清、指定场所具体要求模糊、强制隔离措施缺乏规制等问题。在适用密切接触者隔离规则过程中,应充分贯彻运用比例原则,平衡隔离措施实施主体、责任主体、密切接触者、社会公众等各方利益。在未来《传染病防治法》的修订中,建议针对不同类别传染病区分一般接触者与密切接触者标准,细化隔离场所尤其是集中隔离场所具体要求,赋予医疗机构与疾病预防控制机构在传染病防治中的行政主体资格,明确隔离措施实施中的批准、通知、执行、解除等必要程序,在法治轨道上统筹推进传染病疫情防控。

Isolation measures have been proved to be one of the most effective ways to control the spread of the epidemic in the process of COVID-2019 prevention and control.Although the practice can basically be done according to law,there are also problems such as the difference between the implementation and the responsibility,the definition of the close contacts and criteria,the vague requirements of the designated places,and the lack of regulations on the compulsory isolation measures.In the process of applying the separation rules of close contacts,we should fully implement the principle of proportion,and balance the interests of the implementation subject,the responsibility subject,close contacts,the public and other parties.In the future revision of the Infectious Diseases Prevention Law,it is suggested to distinguish the standards of general contacts and close contacts according to different types of infectious diseases,refine the specific requirements of isolation places especially the centralized isolation places,endow medical institutions and disease prevention and control institutions with the qualification of administrative subjects in the prevention and control of infectious diseases,and clarify the necessity of approval,notification,implementation and cancellation in the implementation of isolation measures.We need to work out procedures to promote the prevention and control of infectious diseases on the track of rule of law.