当代辟谷中话语体系与身体认知的人类学研究

Anthropological study on discourse system and body cognition in contemporary Bigu

随着科学技术迅速发展,科学话语体系和传统话语体系之间的冲突成为传统医学与替代医学在今日备受争议的根源。辟谷是中国古代传统的道教养生方法,具有悠久的历史,近年来逐渐成为大众流行的养生方式之一。作为道教医学的传承,辟谷在改变着人们的身体观和疾病观的同时,也面临着不同话语体系下各种解释模式的挑战。文章运用人类学理论与方法,通过对辟谷过程进行参与观察与深度访谈,总结神圣与世俗、现代医学与传统医学等不同话语体系下对于辟谷中各种概念的地方性解释,分析这些解释背后的文化渊源,并对现代辟谷的不同话语体系进行归纳与分析,探讨其对于辟谷者身体观、饮食观、疾病观的影响。

With the rapid development of science and technology,the conflict between scientific discourse system and traditional discourse system has become the source of controversy in traditional medicine and alternative medicine today.Bigu is a traditional Taoist health preserving method in ancient China,which has a long history.In recent years,it has gradually become one of the popular health care methods.As the inheritance of Taoist medicine,Bigu not only changes people’s view of body and disease,but also faces the challenge of various interpretation models under different discourse systems.In this paper,anthropological theory and methods were used to observe and interview the process of Bigu.This paper summarized the local interpretations of Bigu from different discourse systems,such as sacred and secular,modern medicine and traditional medicine,and analyzed the cultural origins behind these interpretations.Finally,this paper summarized and analyzed the different discourse systems of modern Bigu,and discussed the influence on the body view,diet view and disease view of people conducting Bigu.