生草对黄淮地区苹果园土壤理化性质和微生物的影响

Effects of Grass on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Microorganism of Apple Orchard in Huanghuai Area

以"烟富3号"苹果园土壤为试材,采用人工播种生草栽培方法,研究多年生人工种植草类对黄淮地区苹果园常规养分和微生物数量的影响,以期为构建合理的土壤管理模式提供参考依据。结果表明:在蛇莓、匍枝委陵菜、五皮风、三叶草和黑麦草5种生草处理中,种植三叶草的园区土壤养分含量和微生物数量有最高值,其表层土壤有机质含量23.70 g·kg^(-1),全氮0.66 g·kg^(-1),有效磷28.03 mg·kg^(-1),速效钾19.60 mg·kg^(-1);底层土壤有机质含量12.31 g·kg^(-1),全氮0.36 g·kg^(-1),有效磷4.76 mg·kg^(-1),速效钾104.05 mg·kg^(-1);表层土壤细菌数量10.75×106 cfu·g-1,真菌数量4.96×104 cfu·g-1,放线菌数量6.73×105 cfu·g-1。黄淮地区苹果园选择三叶草进行生草栽培更利于土壤的培肥和果树的生长。

Taking the soil of ‘Yanfu No.3’ apple orchard as test material,and the artificial sowing grass cultivation method was adopted to study the influence of artificial perennial grasses on the regular nutrients and microbial quantity of apple orchards in Huanghuai area,in order to provide science for constructing reasonable soil management mode.The results showed that there were the highest values of soil nutrient content and microbe quantity in the area of planting clover.The content of organic matter in surface soil was 23.70 g·kg^(-1),total nitrogen 0.66 g·kg^(-1),available phosphorus 28.03 mg·kg^(-1),available potassium 19.60 mg·kg^(-1),organic matter 12.31 g·kg^(-1),total nitrogen 0.36 g·kg^(-1),available phosphorus 4.76 mg·kg^(-1),available potassium 104.05 mg·kg^(-1),bacteria 10.75×106 cfu·g-1,fungus 4.96×104 cfu·g-1,actinomyces 6.73×105 cfu·g-1.In Huanghuai apple orchard,the selection of clover for grass cultivation is more conducive to soil fertility and fruit tree growth.