从飞鸟意象看魏晋诗人对理想与自由的追寻

Pursuit of Ideal and Freedom of the Wei and Jin Dynasties’ Poets Reflected in the Image of Flying Birds

在诗歌史上,飞鸟意象是文学家们钟爱的选择,自《诗经》始就有鸟与人类的和谐共处,到屈原笔下一个个精彩纷呈的飞鸟故事,及至汉末,鸟意象更是诗人所吟咏的共同题材之一;魏晋时期,从曹植诗文里出现了鸟的寄托与孤鸟网罗等意象;到正始时期,阮籍嵇康高喊出“越名教而任自然”,此时飞鸟意象充满了愤慨苦闷的长鸣;而陶渊明的田园鸟表现出的是一种敛翼独归,不与众鸟的高迈自适。它们各自映照了不同时期文人的现实人生经历及其情感变化,反映了他们对现实人生的深刻感悟和对自由精神、独立人格的追求。

In the history of poetry,the image of flying birds is a favorite choice of writers.From the harmonious coexistence of birds and humans in The Book of Songs to Qu Yuan’s wonderful stories of flying birds.And in the end of the Han Dynasty,birds became one of the common themes sung by poets.During the Wei and Jin Dynasties,images of longing birds and trapped lonely bird appeared in Cao Zhi’s poems.By the beginning of the era,Ruan Ji and Ji Kang claimed that“going beyond the name to nature”,whose images of birds were filled with indignation and sorrow.Tao Yuanming’s pastoral birds showed hue of solitude,which was not compatible with the bird’s loftiness.All of these showed the emotional trajectory and spiritual journey of scholars in different periods,reflecting their deep perception of real life and the pursuit of a free spirit and independent personality.