新工业革命对产业空间布局的影响及其表现特征

The Influence of the New Industrial Revolution on the Spatial Distribution and its Characteristics of the Industries

产业的空间布局是一个关系经济发展、人民福祉与企业竞争力和投资回报的重要问题,要素禀赋、经济政策、国际环境、产业自身特征、市场需求、突发事件等多重因素都会影响产业布局。其中,科技变革对产业空间布局的影响尤为突出。在当前正在兴起的新工业革命中,以新一代信息技术为代表的一组通用目的技术的成熟和产业化推动了整个产业数字化、网络化、智能化的发展趋势,产业结构、生产要素、产业业态、生产方式、组织形态、运输成本、交易成本等方面正在发生的颠覆性变革使得新工业革命条件下的产业布局呈现出五个方面的新特征:数字化改变传统产业的国际分工与布局;数字鸿沟造成全球“新经济”布局的分化;经济活动地理空间的“大分散、小集中”;产品虚实合一与空间分布的虚实分离;经济活动地理空间的“实分散、虚集中”。

The industrial spatial distribution is an important issue related to economic development,the lives of people,competitiveness and return on investment of the enterprises.It is affected by the factor endowment,economic policy,international environment,the industries’own characteristics,market demand,unexpected incidents and other factors,especially the scientific and technological change.In the current booming new industrial revolution,the maturity and commercialization of a group of general purpose technologies represented by the new generation of information technologies has been promoting the tendency of digitalization,networkization and internationalization of the industries.The disruptive changes of the industrial structure,production factors,industrial format,mode of production,organizational form,transportation cost,transaction cost and so on make the industrial spatial distribution present five new characteristics:digitalization has been changing the international division of labor and spatial distribution of the traditional industries,the digital divide has been leading to the differentiation of global spatial distribution of the“new economy”,the economic activities are scattered at large spatial scales while are concentrated at small spatial scale,the cyber components and physical components are integrated in the products while are separated in the geographic space,the real economy is scattered in the geographic world while the digital economy is concentrated in the cyber space.