侵权纠纷夫妻共同债务认定的现实困境及其应对

The Realistic Dilemma and Countermeasures of Cognizance of Couples'Joint Debt in Tort

法释[2018]2号的施行缓解了围绕夫妻共同债务认定问题的论争,但尚未实现债权人、举债人和其配偶的利益平衡。通过系统考察侵权纠纷领域夫妻共同债务认定的裁判案例可知,司法实践中出现了侵权之债是否属于夫妻共同债务认定体系观点对立、认定标准混乱、"为夫妻共同生活"证明责任分配不一等乱象。莫衷一是的学理观点又无法为实践问题提供有效支撑和应然路径指引。为推动《民法典》第1064条统一适用及完善,应将侵权之债纳入夫妻共同债务认定体系。接下来,以"共债合意"和侵权行为发生于从事"为夫妻共同生活"基础活动过程中的标准认定夫妻共同债务。为保障被侵权人正当权益,应将夫妻一方的侵权行为推定系"为夫妻共同生活",据此认定侵权之债为夫妻共同债务。

The implementation of Judicial Interpretation[2018]No.2 has eased the controversy surrounding the determination of joint debt between husband and wife,but the balance of interests of creditors,debtors and the spouses has not yet been achieved.We can find there have been issues such as whether the infringing debt belongs to the joint debt recognition system of husband and wife,confusion in the recognition standard,and different distribution of the burden of proof about the“for husband and wife living together” in judicial practice through a systematic review of the judgment case of the joint debt determination of husband and wife in the field of infringement disputes.Inconsistent academic viewpoints can't provide theoretical support and guidance for practical problems.In order to promote the uniform application and improvement of Article 1064 of the Civil Code,infringing debts should be included in the joint debt recognition system of husband and wife.A n d then,the joint debt of husband and wife should be determined based on the standards of“shared debt agreement”and“for the sake of husband and wife living together”.In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the infringed,the infringement of one spouse should be presumed to be“for the sake of the husband and wife to live together”,so the infringing debt is deemed as the joint debt of the husband and wife.