废弃线路板中金属循环利用技术研究进展

Research progress of metal recycling technology in waste printed circuit board

废弃线路板是废弃电子产品的核心部件,其主要由贵金属、有色金属、重金属、溴化阻燃剂和树脂等组成。废弃线路板内金属的循环利用不仅有利于实现资源循环,还能降低其对环境产生的危害。概述了从废弃线路板中回收金属的技术,包括机械处理技术、火法冶金技术、湿法冶金技术及生物冶金技术,并对不同技术的优缺点进行了分析;生物冶金技术处理废弃线路板具有良好的应用前景,有望实现工业化应用,为废弃线路板低成本、环保、高效循环利用提供保障,解决了废弃线路板循环利用过程中存在的潜在风险。

Printed circuit boards are the core components of electronic products,mainly including precious metals,non-ferrous metals,heavy metals,brominated flame retardants and resins.The recycling of metal in waste circuit boards is not only conducive to the realization of resource recycling,but also reduces its harm to the environment.This paper outlines the technology of recovering metals from waste printed circuit boards,including mechanical processing technology,pyrometallurgical technology,hydrometallurgical technology and biometallurgical technology,and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different technology.In the future,biometallurgical technology has good application prospects in the treatment of waste printed circuit boards,and is expected to realize industrial applications,guarantee the low-cost,environment-friendly and efficient recycling of waste printed circuit boards,and solve the potential risks in the recycling process of waste circuit boards.