国际转基因食品安全评价政策及启示

International Genetically Modified Food Safety Evaluation Policy and its Enlightenment

转基因技术作为现代生物技术的核心之一,在保障粮食安全、保护生态安全、拓展农业功能等方面发挥了重要作用,但同时,也带来了潜在的安全性问题。为此,世界上主要国家和国际组织都制定了与转基因生物安全管理相关的法律法规,加强管理。通过对国际食品法典委员会(Codex Alimentarius Commission,CAC)、经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,OECD)的转基因食品安全评价体系与评价政策进行介绍分析,总结其现实积极作用及价值,指出其缺陷或不足,以期为健全我国转基因食品安全评价体系、完善监管措施,提供理论政策及法律规范方面的参考性建议。

As one of the cores of modern biotechnologies,transgenic technology has played an important role and shown great potential in guaranteeing food security,protecting ecological security and expanding agricultural functions.However,it also brings potential security problems.Therefore,major countries and international organizations have formulated rules,regulations and policies related to the safety assessment of genetically modified organisms(GMOs)to strengthen the management.The GMOs safety assessment systems and assessment policies of Codex Alimentarius Commission(CAC)and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)were mainly introduced and analyzed,and their actual positive effects and values were summarized,and their shortcomings or deficiencies were pointed out,in order to put forward thoughts on reference suggestions about theoretical policies and legal regulations for the improvement of the safety assessment system of genetically modified food and the improvement of regulatory measures in China.