促进公平还是激化不公?职业教育高考制度改革的“公平疑虑”及其消解

To Promote Equity or to Intensify Injustice?"Equity Doubt"in the Reform of College Entrance Examination System of Vocational Education and Its Resolution

“职教高考”制度设计的初衷是为了通过实现教育机会公平,保障职业院校学生平等享受接受更高层次教育的机会;通过实现社会身份公平,确立技术技能人才作为人才类型的成长路径和独立地位;通过实现符号权力公平,提升工作本位知识及其语言表征系统在权力场域中的地位。但是,在试点过程中,“职教高考”出现了一些激化不公的隐忧,体现在考试内容设计、过程实施和录取方式三个方面,即如何选择和设计公平有效的考试内容、如何确保考试实施的严肃性与公平性、如何制订和平衡不同类型的录取方式。弥合这一分歧的关键在于以考试研究为抓手,强化“职教高考”内容的科学性;以技能评价为突破,推动“职教高考”评价的标准化;以制度创新为重点,彰显“职教高考”实施的公平性;以强势监管为保障,突出“职教高考”管理的严肃性。

The original intention of the college entrance examination system of vocational education is to ensure that vocational college students can enjoy the opportunity to receive higher education equally by realizing the equality of educational opportunities;to establish the growth path and independent status of technical talents as talent types by realizing the equality of social identity;to improve the power of work-based knowledge and its language representation system by realizing the equality of symbolic power status in the field.However,in the pilot process of the vocational college entrance examination,there are some serious and unfair worries,which are reflected in three aspects:test content design,process implementation and admission methods,such as how to choose and design fair and effective test content,how to ensure the seriousness and fairness of test implementation,how to formulate and balance different types of admission methods.The key to bridge this difference lies in strengthening the scientificity of the content of the college entrance examination of vocational education by taking the examination research as the starting point,promoting the standardization of the evaluation of the college entrance examination of vocational education by taking the skill evaluation as the breakthrough,highlighting the fairness of the implementation of the College entrance examination of vocational education by focusing on the system innovation,and highlighting the seriousness of the management of the college entrance examination of vocational education by taking the strong supervision as the guarantee.