企业数据的保护路径探析

An Analysis of the Protection Path of Enterprise Data

企业理应享有对企业数据的财产权益,学术界对法律如何保护企业数据存在不同看法。现行知识产权法注重保护作品、专利等智力成果,数据立法侧重于保护企业数据背后的资本投入,二者立法目的不一致,难以将数据保护纳入知识产权法体系。赋权模式主张为企业设定数据所有权,却不具备立法的必要性和可行性。反不正当竞争法中的商业秘密条款与一般条款在规制数据竞争行为时,其调整范围要么过窄要么过宽,难以把握数据保护和竞争利益维护的平衡点。日本的不正当竞争防止法新增“限定提供数据”条款,通过将数据内涵具体化、数据侵害行为类型化,在适度保护和鼓励开放中实现平衡。我国对企业数据的立法保护可以借鉴日本的行为规制模式,通过新增数据不正当行为条款,打造自由、创新的数据市场。

Companies should have a property interest in their data,yet academies have different views on how to protect it in legislation.The current intellectual property law focuses on protecting intellectual achievements such as works and patents,while data legislation focuses on protecting the capital investment behind enterprise data.The legislative purposes of the two are inconsistent,and it is difficult to bring data protection into the intellectual property law system.The empowerment model advocates setting data ownership for enterprises,but lacks the necessity and feasibility of legislation.When the trade secret clause and general clause in the anti-unfair competition law regulate data competition behavior,their adjustment scope is either too narrow or too wide,and it is difficult to grasp the balance between data protection and the maintenance of competitive interests.Japan’s Law on the Prevention of Unfair Competition has added a clause of“limited provision of data”to achieve a balance between moderate protection and encouragement of openness by specifying the connotation of data and classifying the behavior of data infringement.The legislative protection of corporate data in China can learn from the behavior regulation model of Japan and create a free and innovative data market by adding data misconduct clauses.