要素市场化背景下乡村治理体制的改革

The Reform of Rural Governance System under the Background of Factor Liberalization

要素市场化配置改革旨在实现要素市场自主流动、高效公平配置,构建更加完善的社会主义市场经济体制,是当前我国农村及整个国家全面深化经济体制改革的重点。农村要素市场化配置改革是农村改革开放和市场化改革的新阶段,不仅对农村集体经济的产权结构、成员构成及组织和经营体制产生直接影响,也对乡村治理的组织基础、结构功能及领导和运行方式产生深刻影响。在新的历史时期,必须进一步解放思想,破除阻碍要素自由流动的体制机制障碍,让市场在要素资源配置中起决定性作用;进一步深化产权改革,构建更加开放的农村集体经济股份合作制,让集体经济独立自主经营、走向市场;进一步理顺政经关系,实现村委会和村集体“政经分开”、村民自治向社区自治转型;进一步改进领导方式,强化农村基层党组织全面领导和支部书记“一肩挑”的法律和政策的衔接;进一步破除城乡二元化体制,实现城乡双向开放、要素自由流动以及基本公共服务和基层治理体制一体化,构建与高水平社会主义市场经济体制相适应的农村基层治理体系和运行机制,实现乡村治理现代化。

The reform of the marketization of factor allocation aims at realizing the free movement and efficient and fair allocation of production factors in the market and building a better socialist market economic system.It is an important component of the comprehensive and deepening reform of the economic system in rural China and the entire country.The marketization of factor allocation in rural China is a new stage of rural reform and opening and the market reform.It will not only directly affect the structure of property rights,membership composition and the organization and management system of the rural collective economy,but also profoundly influence the organizational foundation,structural function,and leadership and operational style of rural governance.In the new historical era,we must further emancipate our minds,demolish obstacles in the system and mechanism that prevent factors from free movement and make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of factors and resources.We must further deepen the reform of property rights,construct a more open shareholding cooperative system of the rural collective economy and make the collective economy independent,autonomous and market-oriented.We should further clarify the relationship between politics and economics and realize the“separation of politics and economics”between the village committee and the village collective,and the transformation from villagers self-governance to community self-governance.We should improve further leadership methods and strengthen the consistency of law and policies about the comprehensive leadership of rural grassroots Party organizations and the village Party Secretary s“one shoulder multi-tasking”(yijiantiao).We should further abolish the urban-rural dual system in China,realize the opening of urban and rural areas in both directions,the free movement of production factors and the integration of basic public services and the local governance system,and build a rural governance system and operation mechanism compatible with an advanced socialist market economy so as to modernize rural governance.