智能多样性与机器人“无心有智”论

Intelligence Diversity and the Theory That Robots“Have No Mind but Intelligence”

若以人类的以意向性为根本特点的心灵为解剖智能的“原型实例”,则可说机器人无心,但不能说机器人没有智能。只要将智能的“原型实例”的范围放宽,如考虑到进化算法、群智能算法等所模拟的“原型实例”,就会发现:智能不仅广泛存在于自然界,还能为人类所创造,智能样式具有多样性,并在卫生、保健、通讯、交通、军事、教育等多方面显示出超越人类智能的本领。然而,机器智能要像人类一样地会“计算”和“算计”,就必须突破制约人工智能发展的“意向性缺失”的瓶颈问题,当务之急就是要解开意向性之谜、语义之谜,为机器语言翻译、信息整合、文本处理、人机深度对话等应用工程技术提供更坚实的理论基础。无疑,人工智能的真正的智能化特别是对人类心智的逼近和超越还有很长的路要走。

Taking the human mind which is characterized by intentionality as a“prototype example”of dissecting intelligence,we can say that robots have no mind,but can not say that they are not intelligent.Extending the scope of intelligent“prototype examples”,such as considering the“prototype examples”which are simulated by evolutionary algorithm,swarm intelligence algorithm and so on,we will discover that intelligence which has many modes not only widely exists in nature,but also can be created by human beings,and shows the ability to surpass human intelligence in hygiene,health care,communication,transportation,military,education and other fields.However,if machine intelligence is to“compute”and“calculate”like human beings,it must break through the bottleneck problem of“lack of intentionality”that restricts the development of artificial intelligence,and the most urgent task is to uncover the mystery of intentionality and semantics so as to provide a more solid theoretical basis for the application of engineering technologies such as machine language translation,information integration,text processing and human-machine in-depth dialogue.Undoubtedly,there is still a long way to go for artificial intelligence to realize real intelligence,especially to approach and surpass the human mind.