“心主手厥阴心包络之脉”早期演化考

Investigation on the early evolution of"heart dominating pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin"

梳理"心主之脉"到"心主手厥阴心包络之脉"——心的概念由一而分为二的过程。"心主手厥阴心包络之脉"一词出自《灵枢·经脉》,但在早期简帛《足臂十一脉灸经》《阴阳十一脉灸经》中,并未出现此条经脉。老官山出土的"十二脉"称此循行轨迹为"心主之脉",此脉原为治心系疾病之脉,后为了实现3条手阴经配上焦两个脏器,古人沿袭老官山"十二脉"心主系心、手少阴入心的记载,提出了心主脉"包络心系"与"心不受邪""邪在心之包络"的理论,故心配少阴,而穴取心主之脉理所当然。在这个过程中,"心包"脏随之诞生,成为上焦第三脏,心主之脉亦易名为"手厥阴经"。

The evolution from"vessel dominated by heart"of"heart dominating pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin"was sorted out.It was the process in which the heart concept was understood from two aspects rather than from one.The statement,"heart dominating pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin"is originated from Chapter Ten of Lingshu(The Spiritual Pivot).But such pericardium meridian has not be mentioned in the early bamboo slip and silk,i.e.Zubi Shiyimai Jiujing(Moxibustion Classics of Eleven Meridians of Legs and Arms)and Yinyang Shiyimai Jiujing(Moxibustion Classic on Eleven Yin and Yang Meridians)."Twelve meridians"unearthed from Laoguanshan is named as the trajectory of"vessel dominated by heart",which was originally recorded for the diseases of heart system.In later evolution,in order to match three hand yin meridians with two organs in the upper jiao,the ancient physicians proposed the theory as heart dominating meridian,"enveloping heart system""heart being not be attacked by pathogens"and"pathogen attacking the vessel covered around heart"along with following the records of"twelve meridians"unearthed from Laoguanshan,i.e heart dominating heart system and hand-shaoyin entering heart.Hence,it stands to reason that heart matches with shaoyin and the acupoints are selected from the meridian dominated by heart.In this evolution process,"pericardium"is generated and becomes the third organ in the upper jiao,thus the meridian dominated by heart is named as"hand-jueyin meridian".