礼以观命:春秋时期礼仪实践中的礼容与命运

Predicting Fate by Rites:Appearance and Fate in Etiquette Activities in the Spring and Autumn Period

礼容是古礼的重要要素。行礼者在行礼过程中的言辞应对、容貌神态、威仪动作,甚至喜怒哀乐,均包含在礼容之内。在礼仪实践中,行礼者根据不同的地点、身份、仪节等,展现相应的礼容。外在的礼容并不是无意义的,而是抒发内心情感的必要手段,是映照内心情感的无二镜鉴。春秋时期,礼是个人安身立命和治国理政的根本标准,是其时之人共享的知识和基本的日常生活方式。违礼者是转型社会中的脱轨者,本质上还是传统中的人。在共同的生活轨道和共享的诗礼知识中,无论遵礼者还是违礼者,均可以被旁观人通过其外在的礼容,探测其内心的秘密,并预测其命运。

Ritual and appearance are the important elements of ancient rites. The words, expressions, actions, and even emotions of the saluters are the contents of rites. In the practice of etiquette, the saluter shows the corresponding ritual appearance according to different places, identities, ceremonies and festivals. Rites are not meaningless, but a necessary means to express inner feelings and a mirror to reflect inner feelings. In the Spring and Autumn period, the rites were the basic standard for a person to live a life and govern the country, as well as the shared knowledge and daily life style at that time. The transgressor is the derailment in the transitional society, but they are still the traditional men in essence. In the common life track and shared knowledge of poetry and rites, both the worshippers and the disobeyers can be observed by the onlookers to explore their inner secrets and predict their fate through their outward appearance.