儒道交汇:原壤失礼嬗变考论

Confucianism and Tao Intersection:On the Evolution of the Original Yuan Rang Discourtesy

元壤这个人物首见载于《论语·宪问》,《礼记·檀弓下》也有对其事迹的描述。历来对原壤评价贬多于褒,后人对经典的误读和受儒家礼教的影响,将原壤塑造成一个"经典"的反面教材。从《论语·宪问》中原壤坐等孔子失礼行为,到《礼记·檀弓下》其母死扣椁而歌的越礼举止,其中应有一个发展衍生的环节,而《庄子》就是这个演变的转折点。在历史、政治、宗教等影响下,原壤从单一或简单性格特征的扁平人物发展到具有多种复杂性格特征的立体人物形象,在不同时代转化中,可窥见儒、道交锋的痕迹,代表着不同群体的价值选择和学术风气。

Yuan Rang first appeared in the Analects of Confucius. The book of ritesalso described his deeds. Originally, Yuan Rang was belittled more than praised. For the misinterpretation of the classics by later generations and the influence of the Confucian ethics, Yuan Rang has been shaped as a classic negative example. There should be a developing and derived link from the improprieties of Yuan Rang waited for Confucius’ disrespectful behavior in the Analects of Confucius to the story that he beat the coffin and sang after his mother died in the Book of Rites, and Zhuangzi is the turning point of this evolution. Under the influence of history, politics and religion, Yuan Rang, who is a flat character at the beginning, has changed from the single or simple characteristic to a circular character with a complicated character. From the change of Yuan Rang’s image in different times, we can see the traces of Confucianism and Taoism fighting, which represent the value choice of different groups and academic ethos.