土地革命战争前期的中国共产党民主集中制新探(1927—1933)

A New Study on the CPC’s Democratic Centralism During the Early Period of the Agrarian Revolutionary War(1927-1933)

民主集中制是中国共产党的根本组织原则和组织制度,包含“集中”和“民主”两种制度要素。土地革命战争的前期阶段是民主集中制发展的重要历史时期,深刻影响了日后的发展趋势。本文运用相关文献和史料,梳理这一时期民主集中制的演进历程及特点。大革命失败后,中共中央最初着力推动集中制和民主制的并行发展,但在极端民主化的冲击下,转而倾向于“集中”。中共六大后,中央通过改组、巡视等方式加强了对下级党部的权力,逐渐形成以集中制为重心的民主集中制理论架构和实践形态。

Democratic centralism is the fundamental organizational principle and organizational system of the Communist Party of China;It contains two systemic elements:“centralism”and“democracy.”The early period of the agrarian revolutionary war was an important period for the development of democratic centralism,and it influenced trends in its later development.This article uses documentary and historical materials to sort out the evolutionary process and the characteristics of democratic centralism during this period.After the failure of the Great Revolution,the Central Committee initially focused on promoting the parallel development of centralism and democracy,but because of the impact of extreme democratization,it tended to focus on the theoretical connotation of“centralism.”After the 6 th National Congress of the CPC,the Central Committee strengthened its authority over subordinate party departments through reorganizations,inspections,and so on.