护法军政府治下的广州五四时期学生运动新探

A New Study on the Student Movement During the Period of the May 4th Movement in Guangzhou Under Rule of the Military Government for Protecting the Constitution

“五四”消息传来之初,广东“省会学联”的反应较为复杂。在救国方式上,“省会学联”内部产生歧见,并在京津沪三地学联代表来穗动员罢课时分歧升级,最终走向分裂。广州处于护法军政府治下的政治地位,使得惩办北京政府官员曹、章、陆这一动员罢课的目标在学生中出现了认同困境,广州各界也没有响应罢业的举动。广州迟来的罢业运动系由省长更迭风波引发,虽然披着外交问题的外衣,但实质是地方派系斗争。在罢业运动中,新成立的“中上学联”所起作用殊大,事态平息后,桂系当局将支持“中上学联”活动的广东公立法政校长叶夏声免职,再度请回前任校长区大原,这使广州学生运动的矛头转向“挽叶拒区”。

When news of the“May 4th Movement”first began to spread,the response of the“Provincial Student Union”in Guangdong province was complicated.With its goal of saving the nation,some disagreements took place within the“Provincial Student Union.”These disagreements were intensified when representatives of the student unions in Beijing,Tianjin,and Shanghai arrived at Guangzhou to provide an impetus for a class boycott,thus causing a split in the“Provincial Student Union.”Because Guangzhou was governed by the Military Government to Protect the Constitution,the students confronted an identity dilemma and decided to punish officeholders in the Beijing Government,Cao Rulin,Zhang Zongxiang and Lu Zongyu,with the aim of bringing about a class boycott.The belated strike movement in Guangzhou was triggered by a change in provincial governor,which seemed like a diplomatic issue but in actuality was really a struggle among the local factions.During the strike,the newly established“Student Union of Middle Schools and Above”played an important role.When the strike calmed down,the Guangxi Clique removed from office Ye Xiasheng,the president of Guangdong Public Law and Politics School,who supported the activities of the“Student Union of Middle Schools and Above”and it called for the return of former president Ou Dayuan,with the effect that the student movement in Guangzhou,which displayed obvious local characteristics,was transformed into a movement for“retaining Ye and rejecting Ou”.