日本儿童友好城市发展进程综述

Research on the Development Dynamics of Japan’s Child Friendly Cities

自1996年联合国提出儿童友好城市理念以来,全球通过联合国认证的国家有38个,覆盖3000个城市和社区。而日本却在认真研讨后,选择走儿童友好城市自我评估路线。本文基于笔者多年的研究和实践积累,解读儿童友好城市的核心和由来,尤其是儿童友好城市与可持续发展目标之间的关联。剖析了日本在原有多样化的儿童参与、儿童权利保护条例制定等运动基础上,如何进行评估方式选择、自我评估工具改良、儿童友好城市管理等。介绍了日本评价量规的评估工具、"计划—实施—检查—执行"管理模型、首批5个参加儿童友好城市自评的案例经验和试行1年后的中期评估结果,为儿童友好城市理念落实到各国各地的施策与发展提供思路与参考。

Since the United Nations introduced the concept of Child Friendly Cities(CFC)in 1996,there have been 38 countries certified by the United Nations,covering 3000 cities and communities.However,after the discussion,Japan chose to follow the CFC self-assessment process to be CFC.Based on the research and practical accumulation,this article interprets the core and origin of CFC,especially the connection between CFC and sustainable development goals(SDGs),and extends the opportunity for UNICEF Japan to officially start CFC construction.Then it analyzes how to choose assessment methods,improve self-assessment tools,CFC management,based on the original and diverse movements of child participation and child rights protection regulations etc.It revealed the three-level assessment tool,PDCA(Plan-Do-CheckAct)management model,and the first five cases of self-assessment case experience and intermediate evaluation results after one year of trial in Japan,providing a reference for the implementation of the CFC concept at various national levels to adapt to the development of national conditions.