自然元素在中国城市公园儿童游戏空间设计中的应用调查研究

Study on the Application of Natural Elements in Urban Parks’ Children’s Play Space in China

为儿童营造健康且有益于其成长的环境已成为当下儿童友好型城市建设的必要部分。城市中儿童游戏空间的设计多种多样,但国内外研究者和实践者都意识到"接触自然"对儿童的成长和发展等各个方面均有重要意义,这也得到了欧美国家相关理论和实证研究的证实。儿童游戏空间中的自然元素毋庸置疑成为城市公园设计的重要因素。基于国外理论与实践研究成果,本文旨在探索中国城市公园内儿童游戏空间中自然元素的应用情况,选取北京、上海、广州、成都4个城市中87个城市公园的儿童游戏空间进行调研,尝试弥补国内儿童友好型城市中游戏空间的空白,以期提升未来儿童友好型城市中公共活动空间的营造质量。研究发现,国内儿童游戏场地具有普遍自然性不足、形式较为单一等问题,本文对此提出了相应的策略,建议采用丰富的自然材料来提高游戏场地的自然性,同时应尽快推出相关设计导则或规范。

To create a healthy and beneficial environment for children has become a necessary part of building a child-friendly city. There are various designs of children’s play spaces, but researchers and practitioners at home and abroad have realized that "contact with nature" is important for children’s growth and development, which has been confirmed by relevant theories and empirical studies in Europe and North America. The natural elements in children’s play space have indisputably become an important factor in the design of urban parks. Based on the research results of foreign theories and practices, this paper aims to explore the application of natural elements in children’s play space in Chinese urban parks. 87 children’s playgrounds in urban parks in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu were selected for investigation, in attempt to fill the gap of children’s paly space in domestic childfriendly cities and improve the quality activity spaces in future child-friendly cities. It is found that children’s play space in four cities are generally lacking of naturalness and the form is rather monotonous. This paper proposes corresponding strategies by using rich material, and at the same time, the release of relevant design guidelines or specifications has become an urgent demand.