辽西沿海地区4种海鱼重金属富集特征与污染风险评价

Bioaccumulation characteristics and pollution risk assessment of four marine fishes in the coastal area of western Liaoning

为明确辽西沿海地区海鱼不同组织中重金属的富集特征,评价鱼肉重金属的污染风险,2019年5月在辽西沿海5个地区的市场分别采集4种海鱼,采用原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光分光广度法检测肌肉、内脏、鳃、皮、骨中Cd、Cr、Pb和Hg的含量。采用单因子污染指数和均方根综合污染指数评价鱼肉中金属的污染程度,采用目标危害系数评价食用安全性。结果表明,4种海鱼中金属Cd的含量趋势为内脏>鳃>骨和皮>肌肉,Cr的含量趋势为骨>鳃>皮>内脏>肌肉,Hg的含量趋势为皮>鳃、内脏、肌肉>骨,Pb的含量趋势为骨>皮>鳃>内脏>肌肉。单因子污染指数分析表明,Cr、Hg为无污染,Cd和Pb处于轻微污染;综合污染指数分析表明,4种海鱼都未受到重金属的污染。目标危险系数分析表明,食用这4种海鱼的肌肉是安全的。

In order to clarify the enrichment characteristics of heavy metals in different tissues of marine fish in the coastal areas of western Liaoning, and evaluate the pollution risk of heavy metals in fish meat, four species of fishes were collected in the markets of five coastal areas in the western Liaoning in May 2019. The content of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Pb and Hg in muscles, internal organs, gills, skin and bones were detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. The single-factor pollution index and the root-mean-square comprehensive pollution index were used to evaluate the pollution degree of metal in fish meat, and the target hazard coefficient was used to evaluate the food safety. The results showed that the Cd content trend in the marine fishes was viscera>gill>bone and skin>muscle;the Cr content trend was bone>gill>skin>viscera>muscle;the Hg content trend was skin>gill, viscera, muscle>Bone;Pb content trend was bone>skin>gill>viscera>muscle. The single-factor pollution index analysis showed that Cr, Hg were non-polluting, while Cd and Pb were slightly polluted. The comprehensive pollution index analysis showed that none of the four marine fish were polluted by heavy metals. The target hazard quotient analysis showed that it was safe to eat the muscles of four marine fishes.