重塑农民主体自觉:推进乡村振兴之路

Rebuilding Peasants’Subject Consciousness:Promoting Rural Revitalization

以农民主体地位为观察点、农民主体自觉为观测指标,反思改革开放以来我国农村的发展轨迹,可为新时代推进乡村振兴战略提供较多经验借鉴。广大农民不仅是农村建设发展的主要参与者和实际受益者,而且还是评判农村发展成效的重要"裁判员"。四十年来的农村发展成绩正在于有效激发了我国农民的主体自觉,既包括集聚认同自觉培育集体精神,强化参与自觉提供动力源泉,还包括夯实行动自觉开展协同合作。但进入新世纪后,农民主体自觉日渐缺位导致了农村发展的失衡失调难题,突出表现为因农民关注下降引发发展信心锐减、农民过度外流导致劳力不足和治理疲软致使组织工作孱弱。因此,实施乡村振兴战略的关键在于重塑农民主体自觉。一方面,积极强化乡村振兴认同,集聚发展目光,并努力吸引部分农民返乡建设,积攒发展动力;另一方面,理应构建振兴乡村文化体系,营造发展生态,并适时推进农民再组织化工作,强化农村发展中的农民主体协同与合作。

Taking the peasant’s subject status as the observation point and the peasant’s subject consciousness as the observation index,reflecting on the development trajectory of China’s rural areas since the reform and opening up.it can provide more experience and mirror for the new era to promote the rural revitalization strategy.The majority of farmers are not only the main participant and actual beneficiaries of rural development,but also important"referees"who judge the effectiveness of rural development.The achievements of rural development in the past 40 years are effectively stimulating the conscious of the peasants in China,which includes the cultivation of collective spirit by assembling and identifying,the strengthening of participation and the self-motivation to provide power,and the implementation of self-conscious cooperation by tamping.However,in the new century,the increasing absence of farmers’subjective consciousness has led to the imbalance of rural development,highlighted by the decline of farmers’concern caused by a sharp decline in confidence in development,excessive outflow of farmers led to inadequate labor and weak governance resulting in weak organizational work.Therefore,the key to implementing the rural revitalization strategy is to reshape the peasant subject consciousness.On the one hand,we should actively strengthen the recognition of rural revitalization,gather the development vision and strive to attract some farmers to return home to build and accumulate development momentum;on the other hand,we should construct a revitalized rural cultural system,create a development ecology,promote the re-organization of farmers and strengthen the coordination and cooperation of farmers in rural development.