近代中国保护森林资源的社会应对与效果评估

Social Response and Effect Evaluation of Forest Resources Protection in Modern China

中国大地上的森林资源原本很丰富,但在几千年的发展中不断消耗。进入近代后,由于帝国主义的掠夺性开采和工业化的作用,森林资源消耗迅速,造成严重的生态问题,水旱等灾害频发,严重影响社会经济和生活。对此,中国社会各方包括民间和官方均有所行动。有从古代社会沿袭下来的各种民间应对措施,亦开启了政府主导的近代制度性保护的大幕。北洋政府和国民政府均颁布过相应的森林保护律令,并建立了相应的管理机构,倡导植树造林。民间也相应建立了一些造林护林组织,但中国森林资源贫乏的状况并没有得到根本改变。究其原因,与吏治腐败、执行不力、监督缺失、造林缺乏科学性、外敌入侵战争频繁以及百姓贫困有关。

The forest resources on the land of China were originally very rich,but during the development in thousands of years they were in the continuous consumption.In modern times,due to imperialist predatory exploitation and industrialization,forest resources were consumed rapidly,causing serious ecological problems and frequent disasters such as floods and droughts,which seriously affected the social economy and life.In response,various sectors of Chinese society,both non-governmental and official,had taken actions.There were a variety of civil response measures inherited from the ancient society,which opened the curtain of government-led modern institutional protection.Both the Beiyang and Kuomintang governments had promulgated corresponding forest protection laws and regulations,and established corresponding management agencies to advocate afforestation.Some non-governmental afforestation and forest protection organizations have also been established accordingly.However,the situation of China's poor forest resources had not been fundamentally changed.The reasons were related to the corruption of the local government,the ineffective implementation,the lack of supervision,the lack of scientific afforestation,the frequent invasion of foreign enemies,and the poverty of the people.