Spatio-temporal Pattern of Multifunction Tradeoffs and Synergies of the Rural Landscape:Evidence from Qingpu District in Shanghai

乡村景观多功能权衡–协同关系时空格局研究——以上海市青浦区为例

The configuration of a multifunctional rural landscape is critical for its protection.Although studies on multifunctional rural landscapes have been conducted,there is a lack of information regarding the spatiotemporal characteristics and tradeoff/synergy relationships of rural landscape functions in the time series on the administrative unit scale.The purposes of this study were to(1)analyze the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the tradeoff and synergy from the perspective of multifunctionality for efficient use of rural landscape resources and(2)formulate regional sustainable development policies to minimize the conflict between people and nature.Aiming at the scientific representation of landscape function and the quantification of landscape multifunctional relationships,and by taking Qingpu District of Shanghai as an example,six kinds of rural landscape functions were constructed according to the functional framework of"productive function,living function and ecological function".Based on the data for 1980 to 2018,the characteristics of variations of multifunctional tradeoff and synergy relationships of the rural landscape in 184 administrative villages were studied by the methods of Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation.The following results were obtained.1)The fine division of rural landscape function types was realistic and necessary for analyzing the regional multi-function relationships in the regions with rapid development.In the process of rapid urbanization,the rural landscape functions of urban suburban areas changed under the combined action of natural resource endowment,social and economic conditions and other internal and external factors.As a result,the agricultural production function could not replace the economic development function and become the function of rural landscape production.The research results of Qingpu District showed that the agricultural production function was no longer the primary functional form,yet the economic development function became the dominant function in this area.2)Temporal and spatial analysis methods of rural landscape functions can accurately and comprehensively reflect the evolution of the characteristics of multifunction tradeoffs and synergies.According to the Spearman rank correlation analysis of the multifunction value of the rural landscape in the time dimension,the results masked the differences of resource and environment carrying capacity caused by the differences of regional landscape resource endowment in the spatial dimension.3)The spatial and temporal differences of the multi-functional tradeoffs and synergies of the rural landscape in Qingpu District from 1980 to 2018 were significant.There was significant heterogeneity of tradeoffs and synergies between functions in the spatial pattern,with clustering characteristics.Meanwhile,as for the temporal pattern,the tradeoffs and synergies of functions changed differently in terms of Moran’s I and the correlation coefficient.The results of this study can provide scientific references for urban-suburban-rural space reconstruction and regional sustainable development.

景观多功能定量化及其权衡–协同关系研究是景观生态学研究的热点。研究针对景观功能相互表征的科学性和景观多功能间关系定量化问题,以上海市青浦区为例,采用"生产–生活–生态"功能框架构建6种乡村景观功能,利用1980–2018年的基础数据,采用Spearman秩相关系数分析和双变量空间自相关相结合的方法,对该区域184个行政村的乡村景观多功能间权衡–协同关系变化特征进行研究,得到以下结果:(1)都市郊区的农业生产功能不能取代经济发展功能,青浦区经济发展功能已成为主导的功能形态。(2)青浦区乡村景观多功能间权衡–协同关系时空差异显著,表现为:农业生产功能与经济发展功能、经济发展功能与生态调节功能、经济发展功能与环境维衡功能始终呈现为权衡关系,为该区不可回避的矛盾,该结果表明该区经济发展是以牺牲生态环境为代价实现的;经济发展功能与景观美学功能间权衡关系显著,且二者关系格局呈东部权衡、西部协同,权衡区的数量递增;经济发展功能与空间承载功能间关系格局呈现东部权衡和西部协同格局,且协同关系区呈增长趋势;景观美学功能与生态调节功能/环境维衡功能间权衡区集中在青东区域,协同区分布于青西区域,且权衡区数量先增后减,协同区先减后增。(3)时空结合的分析方法能准确全面地反映乡村景观多功能间权衡–协同关系演变特征。