Factors Influencing Farmland Abandonment at the Village Scale:Qualitative Comparative Analysis(QCA)

基于定性比较分析法(QCA)的村域耕地撂荒影响因素分析

As a global issue,farmland abandonment is considered to be one of the most crucial fields in the study of land use change.The clarification of its driving factors plays a vital role in improving the efficiency of rural cultivated land use and ensuring national food security.This paper aims to study the factors influencing farmland abandonment in 49 villages of Ganzhou City by adopting the Qualitative Comparative Analysis(QCA).The results show that:(1)Farmland abandonment is the outcome of synergism among many factors,among which the low–level of agricultural mechanization is definitely a necessary condition in Ganzhou,and it contributes a material effect to the abandonment.(2)The path leading to farmland abandonment is not unique to the study area,and can be attributed to five different combinations.These combinations can be enumerated as:A1(a combination of convenient transportation,complete agricultural facilities,low-level agricultural mechanization,low-level land circulation,and no industrial policy support),A2(a combination of complete agricultural facilities,low-level agricultural mechanization,low-level land circulation,sufficient agricultural labor,and no industrial policy support),A3(a combination of convenient transportation,complete agricultural facilities,low-level agricultural mechanization,sufficient agricultural labor,and no industrial policy support),A4(a combination of convenient transportation,low-level agricultural mechanization,low-level land circulation,sufficient agricultural labor,and industrial policy support),and A5(a combination of inconvenient transportation,complete agricultural facilities,low-level agricultural mechanization,high-level land circulation,sufficient agricultural labor,and industrial policy support).(3)In the above-mentioned combinations,the core conditions and peripheral conditions conjointly impact on farmland abandonment.Finally,corresponding policy implications are proposed in order to further reveal the mechanism of farmland abandonment.These recommendations provide new ideas and methods for policy makers to use in making decisions and will promote the effective use of farmland.

弃耕是一个全球性问题,被认为是土地利用变化研究中最重要的研究领域之一。明确撂荒耕地驱动因素对于提高农村地区耕地资源利用效率、保障国家粮食安全具有至关重要的作用。本文采用定性比较分析法(QCA)对赣州市49个村庄的耕地撂荒影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:(1)耕地撂荒是多因素共同作用的结果,其中农业机械化水平低是赣州耕地撂荒发生的必要条件,对耕地撂荒具有重要影响。(2)导致耕地撂荒现象的路径不具有唯一性,研究区有5个导致耕地撂荒现象产生的组合。它们分别是组合A1(交通便利、农业生产设施完善、农业机械化水平低、土地流转程度低、无政策扶持产业相结合),组合A2(农业生产设施完善、农业机械化水平低、土地流转程度低、农业劳动力充足、无政策支持产业相结合),组合A3(交通便利、农业生产设施完善、农业机械化水平低、农业劳动力充足、无政策支持产业相结合),组合A4(交通便利、农业机械化水平低、土地流转程度低、农业劳动力充足、政策扶持产业相结合),组合A5(交通不便、农业生产设施完善、农业机械化水平低、土地流转程度高、农业劳动力充足、政策扶持产业相结合)。(3)在耕地撂荒现象的条件组合中,核心条件与辅助条件共同对耕地撂荒产生影响。最后,本文提出了相应的政策建议,以期能更深层次地揭示耕地撂荒的机理,为政策制定者正确决策提供全新的思路和方法,进而促进耕地的有效利用。