美国审计总署的科技评估和分析工作研究

Research on Science and Technology Evaluation and Analysis Work of the U.S.Government Accountability Office

科技评估与分析工作在美国这个科技大国的经济、社会和科技发展中发挥着关键作用。美国审计总署作为美国政府的科技评估机构之一,承担科技评估和分析职能。美国审计总署在科技聚焦、技术评估、网络安全评估以及联邦科技项目管理四个方面具备完善的科技评估和分析体系,这对优化美国联邦的科学技术投资、帮助决策者及时了解科技前沿动态、增强美国创新能力和竞争力具有重要意义。目前,中国已初步形成了以国家科技评估为主体,地方科技评估、行业科技评估和其他类型评估为辅的国家评估体系,但在第三方评估机制、科技审计等方面起步较晚,仍不成熟,美国审计总署的发展经验对我国建立有中国特色的科技审计团队和保障国家科技发展具有一定的借鉴意义。

As a great power of science and technology,science and technology assessment and analysis work plays a key role in the economic,social and technological development of the United States.The General Accounting Office of the United States,as one of the US government science and technology assessment agencies,undertakes the functions of science and technology assessment and analysis.The US General Accounting Office has formed a complete science and technology evaluation and analysis system from the four aspects of science and technology focus,technical assessment,network security,and science and technology project management. Technological investment is of great significance to helpdecision-makers understand the frontiers of science and technology in a timely manner,and to enhance American innovation and competitiveness. At present,China has initiallyformed a national assessment system with national science and technology assessment as themain body and supplemented by local science and technology assessment,industry scienceand technology assessment and other types of assessments. However,it is still too lateand immature in terms of third-party assessment mechanisms and technology audits. Theexperience of the General Accounting Office of the United States has a certain referencevalue for my country to establish a scientific and technological audit team with Chinesecharacteristics and to ensure the development of national science and technology.