行政诉讼滥诉行为规制的实践反思与制度构建

Practical Reflection and System Construction of the Regulation of Abusive Action in Administrative Litigation

滥诉成为敞开行政诉讼立案门槛之后的一道挥之不去的阴影,引起社会各界的重视。滥诉行为的存在消耗行政资源,损害政府形象;挤占司法资源,破坏司法公信力;对社会产生负面引导。行政诉讼的立法宗旨、权利的相对性原则和诚实信用原则决定了对滥诉行为规制的必要性。针对滥诉行为,法院应该结合滥诉行为的构成要件,依据行政诉讼法关于受案范围规定的兜底条款和民事诉讼法的诚实信用原则作出不予立案或者驳回起诉的裁定;同时还需要探索提高诉讼成本、提升技术支持、建立诉讼失信人名单、公开典型滥诉案例对社会进行正确指引等配套工作。

Abuse of litigation has become a lingering shadow after opening the threshold of administrative litigation,which has attracted the attention of all walks of life.The existence of abuse of litigation consumes administrative resources,damages the image of the government,squeezes judicial resources,destroys judicial credibility,and produces negative guidance to the society.The legislative purpose of administrative litigation,the principle of relativity of rights and the principle of good faith determine the necessity of regulating abuse of litigation.In view of the act of abuse,the court should combine the constitutive elements of the act of abuse,and make a decision not to file a case or reject the lawsuit according to the provisions on the scope of accepting cases in the administrative procedure law and the principle of good faith in the civil procedure law.At the same time,we also need to explore supporting work such as increasing litigation costs,improving technical support,establishing a list of people who break faith in litigation,opening typical cases of abuse and correctly guiding the society.