社会网络对牧户草地租入行为的影响——以青海省门源县4个村为例

Influence of social network on grassland renting behaviors of herdsmen:A case study in four villages of Menyuan County, Qinghai Province

草地租赁是中国牧区草地流转的主要途径。探讨影响牧户草地租赁行为的因素,健全和完善草地租赁市场,对于维持草原生态平衡、提高牧户收入、促进牧区繁荣和稳定,具有重要意义。本文基于青海省门源县4个村的实地调研数据,构建牧户社会网络,以强关系和弱关系两类社会网络结构特征指标,代替传统的个体社会资本指标,利用Heckman两阶段模型,实证检验社会网络对牧户草地租入倾向和强度的影响。结果表明:(1)建立在血缘、地缘、亲缘等关系基础上,具有潜在规则约束力的强关系,显著提高了牧户草地租入倾向和租入强度;(2)反映牧户在村集体内的权利、地位,高效率传递非冗余、异质性信息的弱关系,有助于打破草地租赁市场的"隐形壁垒"和"准入限制",也能够显著提高牧户草地租入倾向和租入强度。政府应积极培育牧民专业合作社与畜牧业生产企业,定期举办各类民族传统文化活动,营造互信互助互惠的牧区文化环境,充分发挥社会网络在发展草地租赁市场和实现牧区乡村振兴中的作用。

Grassland rental market is the main way of grassland transfer in pastoral areas of China.It is of great significance to explore the factors that affect the grassland renting behavior of herdsmen and to improve the grassland rental market for maintaining the ecological balance of grasslands, increasing the income of herdsmen, and promoting the prosperity and stability of pastoral areas. This study is to empirically test the influence of social network on the tendency and intensity of grassland renting of herdsmen, by constructing the social network of herdsmen and replacing traditional social capital indicators with two structural indicators of social network, i.e.,strong ties and weak ties, based on a field survey in four villages of Menyuan County, Qinghai Province. A Heckman model was built and estimated. The results show that:(1) Strong ties, which are built on consanguinity, geographical proximity, and kinship and are the invisible force behind rule compliance, significantly increase grassland renting tendency and intensity on the part of the herdsmen;(2) Weak ties, which reflect the power and social status of herdsmen in the village, could help to transmit non-redundant and heterogeneous information efficiently and to break down the invisible barriers and access restrictions in the grassland rental market, also significantly increase grassland renting tendency and intensity of herdsmen. The study concludes that the government should actively cultivate specialized herdsmen cooperatives and animal husbandry enterprises, hold various traditional ethnic cultural activities routinely, hence create a social environment of trust and reciprocity in local communities, so as to give full play to the positive role of social network in developing grassland rental market and revitalizing rural pastoral areas.