珠江三角洲基塘系统演化及生态修复策略——以佛山4村为例

Change and ecological restoration of the dike-pond system in the Pearl River Delta:A case study of four villages in Foshan City

珠江三角洲基塘系统是中国重要农业文化遗产,其宏观格局变化已广受关注,但微观村落层面的研究还未得到足够重视。本文构建了珠江三角洲基塘系统演化概念性分析框架,以佛山市西桥社区、南金村、青田村、仕版村为例,采用实地调研与半结构式访谈,分析基塘系统的演化过程、特征与机制。研究结果表明:(1)基塘系统已由原有种养结合转为单一高密度养殖塘,但邻近村居聚落的基塘系统与生活空间紧密结合,形成生态景观塘、菜基鱼塘等;(2)城镇化、工业化背景下村集体经济组织和农户"经济效益至上"的经营管理模式是基塘系统演化的内在动力;(3)转变基塘经营模式,发挥基塘综合效益,合理治理基塘与城乡空间的交错地带,与基塘农业文化遗产及乡村文化保育相结合,是实施基塘系统生态修复的关键。本文结果有助于揭示重要农业文化遗产动态演变规律,可为珠江三角洲农业可持续发展、国土空间规划提供理论依据。

The dike-pond system(DPS) has been recognized as a China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site. Its macro pattern changes have been widely concerned, but the micro village level research has not been paid enough attention. This study constructed an analytical framework for the qualitative analysis of change of the DPS. Taking Xiqiao, Nanjin, Qingtian, and Shiban Villages in Foshan City as examples, field research and semistructured interviews were used to analyze the process, characteristics, and mechanism of change of the DPS. The results show that the DPS has changed from the original combination of planting and breeding to a high density pond system. However, the DPS was closely combined with the living space of the nearby village settlements, forming ecological landscape pond, vegetable dike-fish pond, and so on. Under the background of urbanization and industrialization, the operation and management of rural collective economic organizations and farmers that prioritize economic benefits is the internal driver of the DPS change. Changing the operation mode of the DPS, giving full play to the comprehensive benefits of the system, reasonably managing the interface between DPS and urban-rural space, and combining with the conservation of agricultural and cultural heritage and rural culture of DPS are crucial for realizing the ecological restoration of the DPS in the Pearl River Delta. This study can provide some theoretical basis for the the sustainable development of agriculture and territorial spatial planning of the Pearl River Delta.