遏制地方:明清大运河体制下济宁社会的权力网络与机制

Controlling the Local:the Power Network and Mechanism of Jining Society under the Grand Canal Regime in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期济宁地区的商品化、城市化由中央政府的漕运引发和支持,大运河的运转重塑了济宁的国家与社会关系。设置在济宁的运河官僚体制在地方政治格局中的地位举足轻重,卫所等建制也制约了州治的一般行政功能。国家的政治制度、结构在地方社会的存在,通过在地官僚机构及其官员的角色与地方经济、文化发生作用,从而深刻地影响了济宁城市社会的政治属性。其结果是,济宁这样经济、文化发达,地方主义突出的城市依旧难以摆脱大一统国家政治社会结构、机制的限制以及传统王朝国家治乱分合的轨辙。

Since the government-run tribute transportation encouraged,the commercialization and urbanization of the Jining area were initiated and supported by the transport of grain by water to the capital in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and the operation of the Grand Canal remade the state-society relationship.The canal bureaucratic system in Jining acted vitally in the local political structure,and the establishment of Wei-suo institutions also impeded the normal function of state administration.The presence of the national political system interacted with local economy and culture,thus significantly affecting the political identity of Jining urban society.As a result,a city like Jining,with advanced economy and culture as well as remarkable localism,could not ran beyond the track of the unified empire’s centralized sociopolitical structure with its dynastic cycle.