晚清湘籍官僚集团私谊关系及特点

The Private Relations and Characteristics of Hunan Bureaucrats in the Late Qing Dynasty

湘籍官僚集团驰骋晚清官场半个世纪,其肇始于陶澍、贺长龄,由曾国藩、胡林翼、左宗棠等湘军系要员借助镇压太平天国而推向鼎峰,后随着清廷分化打压和内部成员间的摩擦,逐步走向衰落。在其发展过程中,成员间的纽带除了乡土宗族血亲关系和官职隶属官方关系外,更多的是师门、姻亲、主幕等私谊关系。这种私谊关系维系着集团内部成员的联系,协同成员间的政治行为,佑护成员在云谲波诡的官场中趋福避祸,构成了晚清独特的“官场文化”。

Hunan bureaucrat group in the late Qing Dynasty galloped the official field for half a century,which began with Tao Shu and He Chang-ling.It was pushed to the peak by Zeng Guo-fan,Hu Linyi,Zuo Zong-tang and other important members of Hunan army with suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom,and then gradually declined with the division of the Qing Dynasty and the friction among the members.In the process of its development,the ties among the members are not only local clan kinship and official position subordination,but also the private relations such as teachers-students,marriage and general-aides.The personal relationship maintained the relations among the members of the group,cooperated with the political behaviors,protected the members from misfortune in the treacherous officialdom,and formed a unique“officialdom culture”in the late Qing Dynasty.