结构紧张与网络聚合:网络民粹主义的生成及疏导

Structural Tension and Network Convergence:The Generation and Channeling of Network Populism

脱胎于民粹主义传统、衍生于信息技术勃兴的网络民粹主义,并非是社会事件对网民情绪的随机引爆或利益主体间话语冲突的偶然跃现,而是结构性社会紧张的网络聚合与畸化涌现。在结构紧张视域下,网络民粹主义的生成理路呈现出一种“理性现实需求—非理性网络呈现”的二律背反:政治参与不畅境遇下的网络民粹主义,以网络舆论审判等极端形式发挥代偿性的民主实践效用;利益分配张力格局中的网络民粹主义,在底层符号的建构、弱势语态的倒逼中传递社会公正诉求;文化环境紊乱状态下的网络民粹主义,为抵抗主流文化、生产大众文化而构筑起反权威、反科学的反智惯习;消极心态积淀下的网络民粹主义,凭托于虚拟在场等技术支撑,在对社会焦虑、社会怨恨的释放中异变为暴力的行为展演。面对来势汹涌的网络民粹主义,亟须将其纳入“疏解”与“引导”的国家社会治理框架中,照料其现实性社会需求、引导其科学地传递诉求,以期将深层的结构性张力格局整合为有序、稳定的有机系统。

Network populism,which is born from the populists tradition and derived from the information technology,is not the random explosion of netizen emotions caused by social events or the accidental emergence of discourse conflicts among interest subjects,but the network aggregation and abnormal emergence of structural social tensions.From the perspective of structure tension,the formation of network populism presents an antinoslaw of“rational realistic demand—irrational network appearance”:network populism under the condition of poor political participation,which gives play to the compensatory democratic practical utility in extreme forms such as network judgment of public opinion;The network populism in the tension pattern of interest distribution conveys the appeal for social justice in the construction of the symbol at the bottom and the coercion of the weak voice.In order to resist the mainstream culture and produce the mass culture,the network populism under the state of cultural environment disorder builds the anti-authority,anti-science and anti-intelligence habitus.The network populism accumulated under the negative mentality,with the technical support of virtual presence and so on,turns to violence in the release of social anxiety and social resentment.Facing the surging tide,network populism urgently needs to be incorporated into the national social governance framework of“unwinding”and“guiding”,taking care of its realistic social needs and guiding its scientific transmission of appeals,so as to integrate the deep structural tension pattern into an orderly and stable organic system.