情事互文:汉魏辞赋与小说的参体同构

Situational Intertextuality:Ci-fu and Novels in the Han and Wei Dynasties of Similar Styles and Same Structure

汉魏赋家与小说家皆长于观采“情事”,在文本创作层面形成互文。假托问答有助于“凭虚构象”和叙事的展开,而“曲终奏雅”有功于劝世道情,这是汉魏赋体与小说共通的结构方式。赋作在经典主题和故事安排,以及志人志怪的情节设置上,开启魏晋小说的法门。又,赋文本保存小说事典、小说文本保存赋文和赋学本事,二者“参体同构”,以虚构、夸饰繁荣中国早期的文学文本,对中国叙事文学“情事”的建构具有范式意义。

Ci-fu writers and novelists in the Han and Wei Dynasties are good at observing and selecting“situations”to form intertextuality at the level of text creation.Their use of the question-answer form promotes“fictionality”and narrative development,while their“perfect finish touch”provides wise advice and expressive emotions,which is a common narrative form for Ci-fu and novels in the Han and Wei Dynasties.In terms of classical theme and story arrangement as well as the plot setting of biographical novels and mysteries,Ci-fu inspire novel imitations in later generations.In addition,the text of Ci-fu preserves novelistic encyclopedia,while the text of novels preserves the writing of original stories from Ci-fu.Similar in style and same in structure,they bring prosperity to the early Chinese literary texts with fictionality and exaggeration,and give an excellent example of“situational”elements in Chinese narrative literature.