杨简心学思想探微——以诗赋为中心

A Study of Yang Jian’s Heart-ology Reflected from His Ci-fu Creation

杨简作为陆九渊高足,在心学的传承发展过程中有着十分重要的地位,他以心学的视角观照和感悟自然万物并进行着文学创作。杨简的文学作品可以看作是对他哲学思想的艺术化描绘,他以卷舒变化、纵横飞动的笔墨将本心概念呈现在读者眼前,力图向人们展示本心的虚灵神奇和诸多妙用。本心的虚灵特征使杨简的文学语言也染上了灵明飘动、洒落不拘的特征,但也正因为他严格地以心学眼光来审视外物,反复地在创作中描述本心以及本心映照下的和乐境界,其诗赋作品也存在着同质化倾向。同时,其学术思想中的一些缺陷造成了他文学创作中的“分裂”,如其《东山赋》《南园赋》《月赋》《蛙乐赋》诸篇一般可分为差异巨大的两个部分:在描绘物象和本心特征时的精切传神、虚灵超诣,以及落入具体功用和艺术评价时的枯燥、武断伦理说教与道德指责;在诗作中对自然生命力的细腻感知,以及几乎千篇一律的赞美本心神妙与和乐境界。杨简以心学思想统摄文学创作,固定的写作模式背后反映出的是他哲学思想的内涵,他的学术思想体系决定了他的文学创作为何会呈现出这样一种面貌。

As Lu Jiuyuan’s excellent disciple,Yang Jian plays a very important role in the inheritance and development of Heart-ology.He observes and perceives all natural things from the perspective of Heart-ology,and carries out literary creation in the context of Heart-ology.Yang Jian's literary works can be regarded as an artistic description of his philosophical thoughts.He presents the most important concept of the original mind in his ideological system to the readers with his flexible and changeable brush and ink,trying to show the illusory magic and many magical functions of the original mind.Yang Jian's literary language is also affected by the empty spirit of the original mind.However,it is precisely because he scrutinizes the external objects strictly from the perspective of Heart-ology,and repeatedly describes the original mind,shows its reflection and the realm of happiness in literature that his Ci-fu also have a tendency of homogenization.At the same time,some defects in his academic thought caused the"split"in his literary creation:his Dongshan Fu,Nanyuan Fu,Yue Fu and Wayue Fu can be generally divided into two parts with great differences:the incisive and vivid depiction of the images and the characteristics of the original mind,the dullness,arbitrariness,ethical preaching and moral accusation when they fall into the specific functions and artistic evaluation;the delicate perception of the natural mechanism and natural vitality and Almost the same praise of the original mind and the realm of peace and happiness.Yang Jian dominates literary creation with Heart-ology.His fixed writing mode reflects the connotation of his philosophical thought.His academic thought system determines why his literary creations are presented in such a way.