基于大数据的社会治理创新:地方创新与治理效能

Social Governance Innovation Based on Big Data: Local Innovation and Governance Efficiency

数字与智能技术通过技术赋能和技术赋权双重机制推动着国家社会关系的数字化转型,因而大数据被日益广泛地应用于社会治理创新。大数据社会治理旨在搭建政社协同治理平台,基于新兴信息技术赋权,利用丰富的数据资源和先进的分析技术,将复杂多维的社会运行数据化、算法化以把握社会运行规律,依靠政民互动积累社会治理的知识和策略从而提升社会治理的智能化水平。我国市场化、城镇化、数字化"三化叠加"跨越式进步,使得社会各界对于大数据驱动社会治理有着强烈认同和迫切期待,而大数据在社会治理多个方面的实践应用,使得加快构建智能化社会治理体系成为当务之急。调查全国各地的干部和公众,结果表明:大数据在社会治理中应用广泛且潜力巨大,成为政社协同推进社会治理、提升治理效率和治理能力的新动能;在大数据创新社会治理的活动中,在公共交通、社会治安、政务服务、健康医疗等领域的实际效果最好。大数据能够发现数据内在的关联,避免一刀切式的社会治理;能够将政策制定过程精准化,从而提供更加个性化的社会治理。在具体实践中,汇总海量数据,可以获知公众对各类政策的偏好,也能获得公众对政策实施的具体评价。然而,大数据社会治理也存在诸如数据开放共享难、缺乏顶层设计、部门间利益冲突、使用不便捷的挑战。基于大数据构建智能化社会治理体系的发展路径包括:一把手权威统筹推动,相应机制配套支持;强化政府主导,协调政企社共建共治;专门机构统一协调,增强回应辅助决策;坚持"以人民为中心",让数据为公众服务。

As the digital transformation of the state-society relations is promoted by digital and intelligent technologies through dual mechanisms of technology empowerment and technology empowerment, big data has been increasingly widely used in social governance innovation. Social governance based on big data aims to build a collaborative governance platform between government and society. Based on the empowerment of emerging information technology, it employs rich data resources and advanced analysis technology to digitize and algorithmize the complex and multidimensional social operation so as to grasp the law of social operation;it relies on the interaction between government and citizens to accumulate knowledge and strategies of social governance so as to improve the intelligence of social governance. On the one hand, with a great leap of marketization, urbanization and digitization in China, all sectors of the society have strong recognition and urgent expectations for social governance driven by big data. On the other hand, the application of big data in many aspects of social governance renders it urgent to speed up the building of intelligent social governance system. Big data has been widely used and born great potential in social governance, and become a new driving force for the government and society to promote social governance, improve governance efficiency and governance ability, this paper, based on a survey of cadres and the folks all over China, tells;in addition, in big data innovation in social governance, its application in public transportation, social security, government services, health care and so on works best as the internal connection of data can be found, and one-size-fits-all approach in social governance avoided;the policy-making can be precise so as to provide more personalized social governance. By collecting a large amount of data, the public’s preference for various policies can be learned and the specific evaluation of the public on the implementation of policies obtained. Even so, there liesome challenges, such as difficulty in data opening and sharing, lack of top-level design, conflicts of interest between departments, and uneasy accessibility. On that account comes some suggestions: 1) promoted by leading officials’ overall promotion and supported by corresponding mechanisms;2) strengthen government leadership and coordinate the participation of government, enterprises and social groups;3) coordinate in a unified way by specialized agencies and strengthen the response to assist decision-making;4) adhere to the "thepeople-centered" approach and let the data serve the public.