中国共产党领导干部选拔制度的百年变迁——基于历史制度主义视角的考察

The Century-old Changes of the CPC Selection System of Leading Cadres——An Investigation Based on Historical Institutionalism

为政之要,惟在得人。中国共产党自成立以来领导人民实现了从“站起来”“富起来”到“强起来”的历史性飞跃,其中的制胜法宝是加强干部队伍建设。领导干部是干部队伍中的关键少数,领导干部选拔是干部制度的关键环节。文章首先基于历史制度主义视角,构建了中国共产党领导干部选拔制度百年变迁的分析框架;进而全景呈现领导干部选拔制度百年变迁的四个历史阶段,从结构逻辑和历史逻辑的双重维度,深度剖析路径依赖和关键节点时期领导干部选拔制度变迁的三种类型,即制度的功能变化、制度的渐进微调和制度的重大变革及其重要特征;最后从民主化、科学化和法制化三个向度,总结了领导干部选拔制度百年变迁的基本经验和趋势性特征;从畅通社会优秀人才进入党政干部队伍渠道、建立健全能上能下的机制和标准以及切实加大从基层锻炼选拔干部力度三个方面,就进一步深化领导干部选拔制度改革的重大问题展开延伸讨论、提出政策建议。

The primary concern to run a state is to gather men of virtue and ability.The same is true to the CPC in having achieved a historic leap from China’s“standing up”,“getting well-off”to“getting strong”,a giant step that attributes to the Party’s strengthening the construction of the cadre team since its founding in 1921.To be more specific,the selection of leading cadres,the key minority of the cadre team,is the key link of the cadre system.This paper,based on the perspective of Historical Institutionalism,1)constructs an analytical framework of the Centennial changes of the CPC selection system of leading cadres;2)presents a panoramic view,i.e.the four historical stages that the system has been undergoing;3)gains insights into,from the dual dimensions of structural logic and historical logic,three types of institutional changes of the selection system in the period of path dependence and key nodes,namely,functional changes,gradual fine adjustment,and significant changes and important characteristics,of the system.The paper,in inclusion,1)sums up,from the three dimensions of democratization,scientification and legalization,the basic experience and trend of the Centennial changes of the system;2)carries out extended discussions and puts forward policy suggestions on further deepening the reform of the selection system from the three aspects namely unblocking the channels for social talents to enter the Party and government cadre team,establishing and perfecting the mechanism and standard of being able to be promoted or demoted,and practically making greater efforts to select cadres from grass-roots level.