政治动员视角下的文件政治——中国共产党治国理政方式的一种研究

A Study on Document Politics from the Perspective of Political Mobilization——A Study on the Way of Governance of the Communist Party of China

文件政治是中国共产党在宪法与法律框架内,以政治文件为核心把握国家发展方向,以具体文件落实政治文件要求,并将经得起实践检验的文件精神上升为法律的治国理政方式。其中,政治文件的形成与落实是文件政治运作的核心体现。本文在论述政治动员分析适用性的基础上,以中国共产党全国党代会报告为例,采用“议题建构-认同聚合”的释义模型分析文件政治的运作,将政治文件的形成视作“议题建构”的过程,主要包括起创、形成、修改、完成等阶段;将政治文件的落实视作“认同聚合”的过程,具体表现为政治文件统治、转换、动员等功能的实现。文件政治尽管有其存在的合理性与必要性,不仅为国家发展定向,还实现了对政党权力的规训和对个人意志的约束,但仍然存在一定的局限。将来,我们仍需要政治文件在宪法与法律框架内“掌舵”国家发展,但要注重减少文件数量,提升文件质量,为世界发展提供中国模式与中国方案。

Document politics is a kind of governance mode of the Communist Party of China,within the framework of the Constitution and law,taking political documents as the core to grasp the direction of national development,implementing the requirements of political documents with specific documents,and turning the document that can stand the test of practice into law.As for its operation,the core embodiment lies in its formation and implementation of political documents.This paper,on the basis of discussing the applicability of political mobilization analysis,taking the report of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China as an example,analyzes the operation of documentary politics by employing the interpretation model of“issue building-identity polymerization”,regards the formation of political documents as the process of“issue building”,mainly including the stages of creation,formation,modification and completion,and takes the implementation of political documents as the process of“identity polymerization”specifically manifested as the realization of the functions of ruling,conversion,and mobilization.Document politics,though bearing reasonability and necessity,i.e.it not only offers a guide to national development,but also imposes the discipline of party power and the restraint of individual will,has certain limitations.In view of this,we still need,in the future,on the one hand,to use political documents to“steer”the country’s development within the framework of the Constitution and law,and on the other hand,to reduce the quantity and improve the quality,of documents,thus providing the Chinese model and Chinese solution for world development.