劳动教育是什么?

What Is Labor Education?

劳动具有二重性特征:谋生性和超越性。界定劳动教育的内涵,需要厘清三个问题:劳动与劳动教育的联系与区别,劳动教育中的劳动与教育的手段与目的的关系问题,劳动教育中体脑分离问题;劳动教育的内涵可表述为,作为主体的教师以具有创造性和具身性的劳动为手段来引导学生成为在德、智、体、美方面自由而全面发展的人。从"黄瞿之辩"来看,劳动教育的定位表述为,劳动教育在促进人德、智、体、美诸方面自由而全面的发展具有重要价值,应充分发挥劳动教育的工具价值。因而劳动教育的价值论在于促进人全面和自由发展。在新时代重申劳动教育的历史逻辑与现实逻辑,以把握劳动教育的中国实践与发展方向,即劳动教育从以服务政治需要到以服务经济建设为主,再到促进人全面和自由的发展。

Labor bears dual characteristics:making a living and surpassing.To define labor education,we need to clarify three issues:how labor connects with and differs from labor education;how labor associates with the means and purpose of labor education;how body separates brain in labor education.Labor education,based on such clarification,is defined as a process in which teachers,as the subject,guide students to develop freely and in an all-round way in moral,intellectual,physical and aesthetic aspects by means of creative and embodied labor.Labor education,based on“Huang Qu debate”,is located as follows:it bears enormous value in promoting an all-round development,and should give full play to its instrumental value.Therefore,the value of labor education lies in its promoting people’s all-round and free development.We should,in the new era,restate the historical and realistic logic of labor education in order to grasp the Chinese practice and development direction of labor education,that is,a shift from serving political needs to serving economic construction,and next to promoting people’s all-round and free development.