论煤地质学与碳中和

Review on carbon neutralization associated with coal geology

煤基碳排放构成了中国碳排放总量中最重要的部分,做好煤基碳减排和煤炭高效洁净低碳化利用是实现“碳中和”国家目标的重要途径,碳中和背景下的煤地质学发展值得关注。系统评述与碳中和相关的煤地质学研究领域,分析煤地质学在碳中和研究与工程实践中的作用和应用前景,探讨碳中和背景下煤地质学的重要发展方向。取得以下认识:推进清洁煤地质研究、服务煤的高效洁净化燃烧,勘探开发煤系天然气低碳燃料、优化一次能源结构和化石能源结构,开展煤化工资源勘查与开发地质保障研究、推动煤炭的低碳能源转化和新型煤化工产业发展,深化瓦斯地质研究、提高煤矿瓦斯(井下)抽采率、控制煤矿瓦斯的大气排放和泄漏,研究煤层甲烷天然逸散和煤层自燃排放、控制煤层露头的天然排放,发展煤层CO_(2)地质封存与煤层气强化开发(CO_(2)-ECBM)技术、推动碳捕获、利用与封存(CCUS)技术发展及其在火力电厂烟气碳减排中的商业化应用,研究煤炭勘查企业的碳足迹、实现企业净零排放,是与煤地质学紧密相关的碳减排技术路径;其中煤层甲烷与煤系气高效勘探开发、深部煤层CO_(2)-ECBM、煤层露头气体逸散与自燃发火控制、洁净煤地质与煤炭精细勘查是碳中和背景下煤地质学优先发展的重要领域。

Coal-based carbon emissions constitute the largest part of China’s total carbon emissions.Reducing coal-based carbon emissions and realizing the efficient,clean and low-carbon utilization of coal are the important ways to achieve the goal of“carbon neutralization”.This paper systematically reviews the research fields of coal geology related to carbon neutralization,analyzes the role and application prospects of coal geology in carbon neu-trality research and engineering practice,and discusses the development direction of coal geology in the context of carbon neutralization.The following understandings are obtained.Promoting clean coal geology research to ad-vance the efficient and clean combustion of coal.Exploring and developing low-carbon natural gas to optimize primary energy structure and fossil energy structure.Carrying out chemical coal resource exploration and developing geological support research to speed up coal Low-carbon energy conversion and the development of new coal chemical industry.Through further gas geological research and increase the rate of coal mine chemical industry.Through further gas geological research and increase the rate of coal mine gas(underground)extraction so as to suppress coal mine gas emissions and leakage.Studing further on coalbed methane natural emission and coal seam spontaneous combustion emissions to control coal seam outcrops natural emissions.By developing coal-bed CO_(2)geological storage and CO_(2)enhanced coalbed methane(CO_(2)-ECBM)technology to facilitate carbon capturing,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology and its commercial application in the emission reduction of flue gas from thermal power plants.Moreover,study the carbon footprint of coal exploration companies to boost net zero emission of them.All the above are carbon emission reduction technology paths closely related to coal geology,among which,high-efficiency exploration and development of coalbed methane and coal-measure gas,deep coal seam CO_(2)-ECBM,coal seam outcrop gas escape and spontaneous combustion control,clean coal geology and coal fine exploration are important areas should be given first priority in coal geology research under the background of carbon neutralization.