马尔库塞革命理论及其对马克思主义革命理论的重构--以《单向度的人》为例

Marcuse’s Revolutionary Theory and Its Reconstruction of Marxism Revolutionary Theory--On One-Dimensional Man

对《单向度的人》一书中的革命理论进行再研究,有助于加深对马尔库塞相关思想的研究,也有助于促进对马克思主义革命理论当代发展的思考。马尔库塞认为,技术异化使得发达工业社会呈现出单向度的特征,因此革命有其必要性。而革命的可能性则在于对现存单向度社会的超越性筹划,具体为发展新的技术、新的艺术和寻找新的历史主体。将马尔库塞的革命理论与马克思主义革命理论进行对比,可发现前者在对“现实的人”的关注和对异化理论的吸收上是对后者的继承,而在革命条件的认识与革命道路的设计上则对后者进行了重构。这一重构既在现实意识与对感性的强调上有所成功,但也存在概念曲解和乌托邦色彩的不足,对其加以反思可为马克思主义中国化提供启示。

A restudy of the revolutionary theory in One Dimensional Man:Studies on the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society is helpful to deepen the study of Marcuse's relevant thoughts and promote thinking over the contemporary development of Marxist revolutionary theory.Marcuse believes that technological alienation presents the developed industrial society wth a one-dimensional characteristic,so it is necessary to have a revolution.Its lies in the transcendent planning of the existing one-dimensional society,which is embodied in the development of new technologies,new art,and the search for new historical subjects.Comparing Marcuse’s revolutionary theory with Marxist’s revolutionary theory,we found that the former inherits the latter in its attention to realistic people and absorption of alienation theory,and reconstructs the the understanding of revolutionary conditions and design of revolutionary road.The reconstruction has been successful in terms of reality consciousness and emphasis on human,but also has some shortcomings in concept distortion and utopia color.Thus,a restudy will contribute to adapting Marxism to Chinese condition.