视野障碍对不同性别四川短尾鼩觅食过程中警惕行为的影响

Effects of Visual Obstruction on Vigilance Behaviors of ChineseMole Shrew of Different Genders in Foraging Process

视野障碍是影响诸多哺乳动物觅食行为模式的重要因素。采用新鲜生猪肉在观测箱中构建密集均质食物斑块,用牛皮纸模拟不同高度的植被以遮挡四川短尾鼩Anourosorex squamipes觅食过程中的视野,测定和记录四川短尾鼩在觅食时警惕行为的时间和频次,并检验不同视野障碍高度对四川短尾鼩警惕行为的影响及其性别间的差异。结果发现:视野障碍高度增加使雄性个体(平视、抬头扫视、直立扫视、一般扫视的时间和频次)和雌性个体(平视时间、一般扫视时间)的部分视觉行为减少,而雌性个体的嗅觉行为(嗅闻时间和频次)以及暂停频次则会相应增加;视野障碍高度与警惕行为的线性关系在不同性别间斜率相同,但雌性的平视时间和一般扫视时间显著多于雄性。因此,视觉依然是四川短尾鼩感知外界环境的重要途径,但不同性别的个体在不同视野障碍下的警惕行为适应性策略有所不同。

Visual obstruction is an important factor affecting foraging behavior patterns of many mammals.To evaluate the effects of different heights of visual obstruction on vigilance behaviors of Chinese mole shrew(Anourosorex squamipes)and its gender-related differences,concentrated food patches of fresh raw pork in the observation box are devised and kraft paper is adopted to imitate the different heights of vegetation for obstructing the vision of A.squamipes in foraging process.The duration and frequency of A.squamipes vigilance behaviors in foraging process are measured and recorded.The results showed as follows:The increased height of visual obstruction will reduce the partial visual behaviors of males(duration and frequency of horizontal scanning,head raising,upright scanning and general scanning)and females(duration and frequency of horizontal scanning and general scanning)while the olfactory behavior(duration and frequency of sniffing)and pausing frequency of females have increased correspondingly;The linear relationship between the heights of visual obstruction and vigilance behaviors have shown the same slope for different genders but the duration of horizontal scanning and general scanning of females are significantly longer than that of males.Therefore,vision is still an important way for A.squamipes to perceive the external environment.However,individuals of different genders have adopted different adaptive strategies of vigilance behaviors under different visual obstruction.