玉米杂交种桂单0811干物质积累与养分吸收、分配规律

The Rule of Dry Matter Accumulation,Nutrition Uptake and TheirDistribution of Maize Hybrid Guidan 0811

为探寻桂单0811的合理施肥方案及高产栽培技术,对桂单0811不同生育时期植株不同部位的干物质和氮磷钾含量进行测定分析。结果表明,桂单0811干物质积累灌浆期占积累总量的86.31%;N、P 2O 5、K 2O的吸收量是N>K 2O>P 2O 5,N、P 2O 5、K 2O在拔节期以后被大量吸收,抽雄吐丝期其累积吸收量分别占到全生育期的35.60%、45.02%和36.65%,灌浆期其累积吸收量分别占到全生育期的77.51%、86.22%和76.52%;N、K 2O吸收高峰在灌浆期,P 2O 5在抽雄吐丝期和灌浆期;抽雄吐丝后N、K 2O、P 2O 5主要分布在籽粒中,每形成100 kg籽粒吸N 2.86 kg、P 2O 51.10 kg、K 2O 1.74 kg。研究表明,桂单0811较佳的施肥方法是:氮肥、磷肥和钾肥多次分期施用,按“前轻、中重、后补”的原则,注重种肥,拔节后重施攻秆肥,灌浆期施攻苞肥,防止后期脱肥。

The rule of dry matter accumulation,nutrition uptake and their distribution of maize hybrid Gui-dan 0811were studied in order to lay scientific base for rational fertilization and high yield cultivation.Accumulation of dry matter,Nitrogen(N),Phosphorus(P 2O 5),Potassium(K 2O)of maize hybrid Gui-dan 0811 was determined in all organs at different growth stages.The experimental results showed that the dry matter accumulation at filling stage of Gui-dan 0811 accounted for 86.31%of the total accumulation.Amount of N,P 2O 5 and K 2O absorbed was N>K 2O>P 2O 5.in quantity.N,P 2O 5 and K 2O were absorbed in large quantities after the elongation stage.The quantity of of N,P 2O 5 and K 2O absorbed at silking stage accounted for 35.60%,45.02%and 36.65%of the whole growth stage,respectively and at filling stage accounted for 77.51%,86.22%and 76.52%.The absorption peaks of N and K 2O were in the filling stage and P 2O 5 in the silking stage and the filling stage.N,K 2O and P 2O 5 were mainly distributed in the kernels after silking stage 2.86 kg of N,1.10 kg of P 2O 5 and 1.74 kg of K 2O were absorbed in 100 kg of kernels.The rational fertilization method was:nitrogen fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer were applied by stages for many times,based on the principle of earlier stage light,middle stage heavy,late stage supplement,suitable application of seeding-fertilizer,more application of fertilizer at elongation stage for stalk formation and more application of fertilizer before silking stage for grain formation and avoid of lack of fertilizer at later stage.