科技与制度互动:机理·阻碍·对策基于协同演化理论的视角

Interaction Between Technology and System:Mechanism,Obstacles and Countermeasures——An Analysis Based on Co-evolution Theory

科技发展能够拓展制度效用边界,制度变迁可以构建科技创新的激励环境。科技与制度基于双向互动交流形成协同演化的创新系统,二者向彼此施加的非线性作用存在多重反馈的可能性。当前,制度变迁落后于科技创新步伐、制度设计背离科研工作实际、制度施行局部不协调等问题凸显,导致科技发展与制度变迁之间的协同演化步伐放缓、路径偏离社会需要、层级冲突加剧,协同发展效力损耗严重。为了维持科技与制度协同创新系统的开放与远离平衡态,需从制度系统入手,疏通创新系统要素流动的制度通道,制定科学高效的制度管理系统,统一地方与全局的利益战线,保障科技创新与制度创新在经济社会发展中的双引擎作用。

The development of science and technology can expand the utility boundary of the system,and in the process of system change,an incentive environment for technological innovation is constructed.Technology and system form a co-evolving innovation system based on two-way interaction.The non-linear effects that the two exert on each other tend to produce multiple feedback.When system changes lag behind the pace of scientific and technological innovation,the system design deviates from the actual scientific research work,and the implementation of the system is not coordinated,the co-evolution slows down and deviates from social needs,resulting in intensified level conflicts and lost effectiveness of coordinated development.To maintain the open system far from the balanced state of technology and institution co-evolution,it is necessary to clear the institutional channels for the flow of the elements of the innovation system,to formulate a scientific and efficient institutional management system,and to unify the local and overall interests,so as to ensure the dual driving forces of technological innovation and institutions innovation in economic and social development.an open system far from the balanced state.