同步线上和线下对外汉语教师提问对比与课堂时间损耗问题研究

A Comparative Study of the Teacher Questions in the Synchronous Online TCFL and Offline TCFL and the In-class Time Loss

通过对960分钟的同步线上对外汉语课课堂录像进行观察和统计,并与以往学者针对线下课堂收集的数据进行对比发现:线上与线下教师提问的总体数量无显著差异,且都以展示性问题为主;线上教师提出了更多的回应性问题,更常使用点名、自愿和自问自答的问题分配方式,但更少地提出参考性问题,并且没有使用线下教师常用的齐答方式。同时线上教师提问后的等待时间平均值约为2.53秒,较线下等待时间延长约34.57%,由此造成的额外时间约占总体上课时间的1.45%,因网络与设备问题造成的课堂停顿时间约占总体上课时间的1.73%。由此我们提出线上教学面临的独特的课堂时间损耗问题,并建议线上对外汉语课程在内容设计上应相较线下课程适当缩减约3.2%。

This article reveals the differences of teacher questions between synchronous online teaching and offline teaching based on a 960-minute synchronized online classroom video-recording of teaching Chinese as a foreign language(TCFL),and compares the recorded data with those collected by previous scholars from offline teacher questions.It is found that there is no significant difference in the quantity of online and offline teacher questions,most of which are display questions;in online class,teachers tend to ask more response questions and fewer referential questions.In terms of questioning types,the teachers may select some students to answer questions,or ask volunteers,or answer questions themselves.Unlike offline teachers,online teachers seldom ask the students to answer questions together.The average waiting-time for online teachers after asking questions is about 2.53 seconds,which is about 34.57%longer than the offline waiting.Thus,the additional waiting time accounts for about 1.45%of the total class time,and the network and equipment problems account for about 1.73%of the total class time.Therefore,this article proposes the unique in-class time loss faced by online teaching and suggests that the content of online courses should be appropriately reduced by about 3.2%compared with that of offline courses.