英语为母语的华裔学生学习助词“了”的偏误情况分析

An Error Analysis of the Chinese Auxiliary Word“了”by Australian Ethnic Chinese Students with English as their Native Language

采用课后作文统计和调查问卷两种方法,分析了学生在使用助词“了”时产生的偏误情况,调查对象是澳大利亚博文高中学习中文的华裔学生。结果显示,学生使用最多的是句式1“动+了1+宾”;使用最少的是句式3“动+了1+宾+了2”和句式7“名词、数量词+了2”;正确率最高的是句式2“动+宾+了2”,正确率最低的是句式1“动+了1+宾”。受母语负迁移的影响,学生在连动句和兼语句中,习惯在第一个动词后加“了1”;学生经常遗漏句末的“了2”,特别是句式5“形+了2”中的语气助词“了2”。学生出现偏误数量最多的是“了”的遗漏,其次是“了”的位置错误。

This study adopts the methods of analyzing the students’compositions and questionnaires by focusing on their errors in using the Chinese auxiliary word“了”by the Australian ethnic Chinese students from Balwyn High School.The results go as follows:sentence structure“verb+了1+object”is the most popular;the least used are“verb+了1+object+了2”and“noun/quantifier+了2”.The accuracy rate of“verb+object+了2”is the highest while the accuracy rate of“verb+了1+object”is the lowest.Because of the negative transfer of their native language,students are not able to use the serial-verb construction and the facultative statement very well because they often add“了”after the first verb.They also often forget to add“了”at the end of the sentence,especially in sentence structure 5.Omitting“了”improperly ranks first among their errors while misplacing“了”ranks second.