东北黑土地保护利用的政治经济学解析——基于梨树模式

A Political Economic Analysis of the Protection and Utilization of the Black Land in Northeast China:Based on the Pear Tree Model

东北黑土地在自然因素和人为因素综合作用下出现严重的退化问题,迫切需要采取有效措施加强黑土地保护利用。但在加强生态文明建设和确保国家粮食安全的双重目标下,东北黑土地保护利用面临着如何平衡资源开发与环境保护的难题,梨树模式则为实现东北黑土地可持续利用提供了一种新的路径选择。从政治经济学视角看,梨树模式能够遵循农业生产力与生产关系矛盾运动推动农业生产方式变革的逻辑主线,将保护性耕作技术新方案和"五位一体"研发推广应用新机制有机结合起来,推动传统耕作方式向现代耕作方式转变。基于梨树模式的成功经验,为进一步加强东北黑土地保护利用,应当通过深化体制机制改革创新,调整上层建筑中与经济基础不相适应的部分,加快建立健全东北黑土保护利用生态补偿机制、长效机制以及法制体系。

Looking back at the history of reclamation in Northeast China,the black land in Northeast China has suffered serious degradation under the combined effects of natural and human factors.It is urgent to take effective measures to strengthen the protection and utilization of the black land.However,under the dual goals of strengthening the construction of ecological civilization and ensuring national food security,the protection and utilization of the black land in Northeast China is facing the problem of how to balance resource development and environmental protection.The Pear Tree model provides a new way to realize the sustainable use of the black land in Northeast China.From the perspective of political economy,the pear tree model can follow the main logical line in which the contradiction movement between agricultural productivity and production relations promotes the transformation of agricultural production methods,and organically integrate the new conservation tillage technology scheme with the new mechanism of"five in one"R&D,promotion and application,promoting the transformation of traditional farming methods to modern farming methods.Based on the successful experience of the the Pear Tree model,in order to further strengthen the protection and utilization of the black land in Northeast China,it is necessary to deepen the reform and innovation of the system and mechanism,adjust the parts of the superstructure that are not compatible with the economic foundation,and accelerate the establishment of a sound ecological compensation mechanism,a long-effective mechanism and a legal system for the protection and utilization of the black land in Northeast China.