多级回转体装配偏差建模方法综合研究

A comprehensive study on deviation modeling of multistage revolving components assembly

传统方法聚焦于平面尺寸链建模和极值法分析,难以综合考虑转子连接特征丰富的形位偏差信息及相互影响关系;整机装配精度预测过于保守,过分侧重零件自身加工精度的提升,忽略了组件整体堆叠优化的手段,导致零件返工频率高、修配难度大。针对上述问题,以航空发动机转子为代表进行多级回转体装配偏差建模方法的探索,并综合考虑转子装配的尺寸偏差、形位偏差、止口连接、定位关系等因素的影响,对回转组件同心度超差问题进行准确描述和偏差管控。从局部偏差表达和三维尺寸链传递的角度总结归纳了近年来主要的偏差模型,对转子变形、形貌误差的表达和匹配、装配精度几何量与工作性能物理量之间的关联等研究方向进行了展望。

The traditional methods focus on the modeling of plane dimension chain and extremum analysis,which is difficult to comprehensively consider the rich geometrical errors and their relationship to each other;meanwhile,the precision prediction is too conservative,and traditional methods overemphasize the promotion of parts machining precision,ignoring the means of overall stack optimization,thereby increasing the parts rework frequency and adjusting difficulty.Aiming at these problems above,the deviation modeling methods of multistage revolving components assembly that is represented by the aero-engine rotor will be explored.The matters of size deviation,form and location deviation,fixing structure and the positioning relationship will be synthetically considered.The poor concentricity problem of gyro black assembly can be exactly described,which is beneficial to control assembly deviation.A detailed review on the most recent approaches about partial deviation expression and three dimensional chain propagation is provided,and a perspective overview of the future research about aero-engine rotor assembly is presented,such as rotor deformation,surface morphology representation and matching,and the relationship between assembly precision geometry and performance physical quantity.