增材制造航空金属构件的质量分级和检验策略分析

Analysis on quality grading and inspection strat-egies for fabrication of aviation metal components using additive manufacturing

在增材制造航空金属构件的标准中确定质量分级和检验策略是十分重要的,这决定了增材制造金属构件的使用等级和场合。目前,我国航空工业增材制造标准对于质量检验的一般做法为:借用同类材料锻件超声波检测的标准规定增材制造构件的质量等级,一般要求达到A级或者B级。但是,现行增材制造金属构件的标准文件对于构件的质量等级未作出明确规定,质量检验基本依赖于超声检测中的一种质量等级,同时缺少相应的X射线按等级检验的要求,因此目前的航空工业增材制造标准还需要进一步完善。通过对比金属构件增材制造相关的国家标准(GB)、航空工业标准(HB)、国家军用标准(GJB)、国际标准(ISO)、美国材料试验协会标准(ASTM)、国际自动化工程师学会标准(AMS)以及美国焊接学会标准(AWS)等标准,分析了国内外对于金属材料增材制造构件的质量分级和检验策略,简要地评述了不同质量分级和检验策略的特点,解析了美国焊接学会的AWS D20.1/D20.1M:2019《金属构件增材制造标准》中质量分级及检验策略与其AWS D17.1/D17.1M:2017-AMD1《航空航天用熔焊标准》质量分级和检验策略相近似的基本内涵,探讨并提出了我国航空工业对于金属构件增材制造质量分级和检验的建议。

It is important to define the quality grading and inspection strategies in the standards of metal components using additive manufacturing,which determines the use grade and occasion of metal components.At present,the general practice of quality inspection of additive manufacturing standards in China’s current aviation industry is using the testing standards of the same material’s forgings to stipulate the quality level of additive manufactured components,which generally requires Grade A or Grade B.However,the current standards for metal components using additive manufacturing don’t explicitly stipulate the quality levels,and basically depend on one of quality grade of ultrasonic testing and lack corresponding grading requirements for X-ray inspection.Therefore,the current additive manufacturing standards of aviation industry need to be further improved.By comparing current standards for fabrication of metal components using additive manufacturing related with National Standards(GB),aviation industry standards(HB),national military standards(GJB),international standards(ISO),American Society for Testing Materials standards(ASTM),International Association of Automation Engineers standards(AMS)and the American Welding Society standards(AWS),the current quality classification and inspection strategies of metal components using additive manufacturing domestic and foreign was analyzed.Different quality classification and inspection strategies were reviewed briefly.The similar connotation of quality classification and inspection in AWS D20.1/D20.1 M:2019《Specification for Fabrication of Metal Components using Additive Manufacturing》and AWS D17.1/D17.1 M:2017-AMD1《Specification for Fusion Welding for Aerospace Applications》was expounded.Some suggestions on the quality classification and inspection strategies of metal components using additive manufacturing for China’s aviation industry were discussed and put forward.