开放数据生态系统中利益相关者之间的互动关系——基于网络计量学的分析

Mapping the Interactions Among Stakeholders in the Open Data Ecosystem——A webometric Network Analysis from China

[目的/意义]开放数据生态系统中利益相关者之间的互动对于实现开放数据计划的成功和可持续发展至关重要。[方法/过程]本研究以中国开放数据实践中关键组织的网站链接网络为研究对象,使用Webometric Analyst 4.1和UCINET进行社会网络分析,了解中国开放数据生态系统中各个利益相关实体的互动交流现状,分析其网络互动模式,评估国家在开放和利用数据方面的准备情况,为开放数据实践行为提供建议和参考。[结果/结论]中国的开放数据计划总体上是以政府组织主导的方式向前发展。在不同类型的组织沟通交流中,企业组织与政府组织的互动最为密切;在同一类型内部,非政府组织网络内部联系更为紧密;教育科研机构在开放数据网络中的参与互动还需更加积极。尽管部分地方政府在数据开放创新方面做出尝试,地方政府机构之间的协作互动网络依然相对稀疏。各利益相关者需扩大互动的深度和广度,主动积极构建开放数据生态系统,促进互动合作网络的优化,顺应世界数字化发展潮流,实现更好的数字化治理。

[Purpose/Significance]Interactions among stakeholders in the open data ecosystem are dominant to achieve success and sustainable development of open data initiative.[Method/Process]This study focused on the hyperlink networks extracted from the websites of critical organizations engaged in open data to explore the interactions of the entities through the inter-linkage analysis and co-mention analysis by using Webometric Analyst 4.1 and UCINET.[Result/Conclusion]Findings showed that the Open Data Initiative was generally moving forward in a government-led manner.Enterprise organizations interacted with government organizations most closely among different types of organizations.While within the same category,the NGO network was more closely interconnected.In addition,the network between local governments in China was relatively sparse because their explorations of open data were at different stages.More efforts were needed to promote the optimization of cooperative networks.